Evaluation of Telémakhos’ Actions Essay -- Aristotle Telemakhos Essays

Evaluation of Telmakhos Actions Authors and poets in ancient and modern literature exclaim the actions of heroes and condemn the actions of villainsjudging which is laudable action comes from understanding the virtues. Our greatest stories are nothing if not conflict amid antagonist and protagonist, a passage of arms against that esteemed as good and that which is evil. In ancient literature, our understanding of guileless action comes principally from Aristotle. The path of virtue is the middle ground, such that it is an mediocre between excess and defect (Aristotle 1220). Just as Aristotle gives a textile with which to judge virtuous action, so Dante presents a framework with which to punish actions deemed a mien(p) of virtue. In Dantes Inferno we meet non-Christians, those not baptized, whom God punishes agree to the severity of their sin. At the entrance to Hell, Dante reads an inscription above the gate that says, quit every hope, you who enter here (Dante 1416). Hell is a place of stasisthe departed found there can never leave. Drawing from Homers Odyssey, this essay explores the actions of Odysseus son Telmakhos. By applying Aristotles Nichomacean Ethics and incorporating Dantes brass of punishment, this essay evaluates Telmakhos actions and places him in his proper place in hell go down in a hot river of blood forever.In order to drive in what virtuous action is, one must carefully choose between too much and too little. Aristotle says, It is possible to fail in many trends, while to succeed is possible only in one way (Aristotle 1221). This teaching is the premise of Nichomacean Ethics Aristotle teaches what modern readers know as The well-heeled Meanthe understanding that moral virtue is a mean bet... ... reference just as Virgil warns Dante of his own fate. In the opening lines of the Inferno Dante says, In the middle of the journey of our life I came to my senses in a nighted forest, for I had lost the straight path (1408). This s traight path is the way of virtue. The relevance of virtue is as applicable today as it was in the time of Homer, Aristotle, and Danteand in a Dantean understanding of the world, failure to maintain the mean carries with it the punishment of an eternity in Hell.Works CitedAristotle. Nichomacean Ethics. Trans. W. D. Ross. Wilkie and Hurt 1220-1225. Dante, Alighieri. The augur Comedy. Trans. H. R. Huse. Wilkie and Hurt 1398-1571.Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. Wilkie and Hurt 273-594. Wilkie, Brian, and James Hurt, ed. Literature of the Western World plenty 1. 5th Ed. New Jersey Prentice Hall. 2001.

Filipino Philosophy Essay

Filipino philosophical system is the attitude, worldview, and notion of the raw(a) citizens of the Philippines towards the everyday experiences in life, religion, communication, survival, interrelationship with people and intra-relationship with his sakop or to angiotensin converting enzyme egotism the I, and the uplifting of ones soul the Philippine creation. Philippines atomic number 18 used to be stereotyped as the bamboo grass for it always sway with the wind. The Philippine people has gone by means of tough and rough times, good and bounty years, and yet they always deliver as firm as it was on the day our ancestors fought Magellan.Our own worldview explains wherefore we stand all told erect despite economic routfall, political crisis, natural calamities. One thing that is to be observed, everything revolves in relationships, in the sakop, in the upliftment of ones soul. Justice for the Philippine people is the satisfaction of the indigences of the self-impo rtance-importance and his relations. These and more(prenominal) is the pattern of Philippines which leads to the general behavior of the nation the philosophy of the Philippines.It is the lively examination of the grounds for the fundamental beliefs of Philippine being as an individual and as a universal bidwise it is an analysis of the basic concepts active in the expression of their worldview. Included in this study is the study of Filipino worldview from different tribal themes to mainland people and to the new coevals of the modern times. Since it is a study and the Filipinos fetch a diversity of life as it has a s until now thousand one ampere-second islands, there should also be different branches of Filipino Philosophy of which I categorize as(1) Ethno lingual-Tribal Philosophy where Bicolano, Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano Philosphies would fall under (2) Filipino Philosophy of Religion(4) Animism and Practices of Filipinos and(5) other Filipino Phylosophies that Fil ipino scholars may add and institutionalize that is not or provided partially influenced by the westerly Philosophy and purely in the Filipino context.Ethnolinguistic-Tribal Philosophy allow further explain and discuss the main ideas and the worldviews of the linguistic groups in the country. Particulars bring ab knocked appear(p) the general. Each particular small group philosophies combines into one distinct philosophy which is the Filipino Philosophy. What unites it or what is common among the philosophies? The self or the I, or that individual characteristic sakop orientedness.The Filipino is more others-centered than self-centered. Filipino basic personality is made up of Filipino beliefs and knowledge that be equated and related to various rituals and formal and informal education passed from generation to generation. The family contributes to and maintains the Filipino esteems and to the individual self most additionally that the Family is part of the self being the sakop. Filipinos value family highly and rely on family relations in defining and seeking help for problems or disorders. The family name is valued more highly than that of the individual.These values bind the individual to the family, making him/her to consider how a decision will impact the family. The Filipino cannot be discussed on a person by person basis. Unlike western practices, a Filipino is not complete without his relationships A Filipino cannot be defined sans family these ar his essential relationships with one another, with family and no Pinoy is truly Pinoy without them. This relationship-seeking attitude is most appargonnt(a) when introducing Filipinos in every corner of the country.The basic unit of the Philippine complaisant organization is the family that includes the mother, father and children, and the bilateral extended family that embraces all relatives of the father and the mother. Of special importance is the sibling group, the unit formed by brothe rs and sisters. There are no kin groups or similar unilateral kinship groups in the Philippines. The primary(a) family and the sibling group form the primary bases of somatic action.The Philippine federation is characterized as familial. This means that the influence of kinship, which centers on the family, is far-reaching. The Filipino family is the nuclear unit around which social activities are organized it is the basic unit of corporate action. The interests of the individual in Philippine society are secondary to those of the family.Filipinos fall in a unique way of establishing kinship without actual blood relations. Pakikiramdam or known as Smooth interpersonal births is the core identity of the Filipino. It is a natural skill for all Filipinos to read between the lines. He has this essential language to sense the surrounding.Filipinos rarely get involved if they have no personal concern regarding the activity or the project. A Filipino will exert more effort when he/ she is related to that specific give task or his name and the name of the sakop is involved. Along with this also arises the need for a personal touch. A simple personal invitation is a hundred times more regarded than any formal written invitation.Filipinos likes to be invited even if it is only a joke and even if it is an occasion within the clan or nearby neighborhood. A neglect of this personality leads to misunderstanding or pagdaramdam. Filipinos usually like to associate themselves with a higher power and, in return, submit to this higher person if the need arises. This is most likely aline to the Masa and even to elite people of the Philippines. It becomes the source of their strength and the source of a wall to lean on in times of crisis and in chew over seeking opportunities.Filipinos value small-group centeredness which can be seen from the word ofkami. A Filipino has a barkada aside from his immediate family where he/she can pour out his/her angst and happy moments wi th. It is the ultimate manifestation of small-group centeredness because it is a tight bond among friends which say what the group would think, do or say.Amor propio, the stubborn pride that Filipinos possess and grasp on to despite the situation is another distinct element of being a Filipino. The expression wala ka namang pakikisama easily coerces Filipinos to act in peculiar discretion oddly if the pakikisama is determined by the barkada. Pakikisama is very authorised in a group, in a workplace, and in areas where there is a social group.another(prenominal) characteristic is that Filipinos seek to succeed and make himself a person in his own right. It may be a show of being capital of Qatar and sikat all the time that is a manifestation of pasiklaban, the Filipino does this only to deal out his glory with his family. Therefore, the Filipino is not inconsistent with the established fact that Filipinos are others-centered because his pagsasarili is a result of his thirst to uplift his family or his loved ones others-centeredness-responsibility.Hiya is a Filipino social behavior regulator that prevents a Filipino from violating a norm, a family value, and a group goal. This is also the root of the Smooth Interpersonal Relationships that Filipinos highly prize. This is the golden regularise among Filipinos in the sense that a Filipino makes it a point not to intentionally embarass a person only when as he wouldnt want to be embarassed by another.Euphemism is an important Filipino procedure for all relationships. This tactfulness mirrors the Smooth Interpersonal Relationship that Filipinos highly regard. In the interdependent Philippine society, reciprocity is an essential to all relationships. Utang-na-loob, a Filipino is indebted to another until such a upgrade is returned in kind. This utang na loob is very much rampant in 95 % of Filipinos specially those who are native of the Philippines and among Filipinos in other countries. Utang na loob may s tem from Hiya or mainly from the uniqueness of the Filipino self.Many of the provinces of the Philippines are separated from each other by water because the Philippines is an archipelago. Large islands, Luzon and Mindanao have mountain ranges also separate different land areas. As a result of the physical isolation from each other, Filipinos have a rich, multi-cultural heritage and speak 150 different languages and dialects.It must be noted that even though Filipinos speak many languages, there are only cardinal major(ip) languages based on the number of speakers Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, Waray, Bikolano, Pangasinense, and Kapampangan. Of these, Filipino, which is based onTagalog and was formerly spelled as Pilipino, is the official language along with English. Most textbooks, laws, signboards and mass media are either in English or Filipino.From this language barrier and indifferences come out regionalism which dates back from the the colonial past of the Ph ilippines under Spain and the United States. Spaniards encouraged regionalism to chase away any nationalist revolt against them. They practiced a divide and rule policy wherein they employed Filipino soldiers from one region to put down an uprising in another region.In addition, Spanish friars, in their desire to evangelize, studied the native tongues and incorporated Catholicism into Filipino social usage and religious observances. In doing so, the Spaniards preserved the native languages and dialects of the Filipinos. They also implanted papist Catholicism in the Philippines, and influenced the Philippine legal system, social institutions, literature and arts. Meanwhile, the American colonial rule also unwittingly encouraged regionalism.11.Language differences and regionalism are just a few factors of the rich cultural herritage and behaviors of individual tribes in context that give color and blend of Filipino Philosophy.major factors influencing Filipino Philosophy are its Education, Language and geographics, Western and Eastern Philosophies, and most especially Religion. Education shapes the mind of individuals. It is the way of acquiring and disseminating knowledge. Through education, cultures, thoughts and ideas, concepts and theories are turn over down from one generation to another. It is by education that we learn the Western thoughts and their civilization which we try to imitate and to live-out. It is by education that we inculcate to the close generation, the ideal self and the justified and unjustified, true and false beliefs.Language and Geography determine the type of the desires, the taste and the perceptions of the people. It is one of the major factors contributing to the indifferences of major cultures in the Philippines most especially that the country is separated by water. civilization parcel outs part in the molding of write up and of man. And the rest, together with culture and history runs in circle around the development an d of the nature of Filipino Philosophy.Culture, like history, modifies the worldview of the Filipinos. For every ethno-linguistic community, society, province or region whatever you want to strain it, every individual or the whole group has its own worldview on how to enrich, practice, and show his or her own culture. Despite the indifferences of cultural background and transmittable indifferences, the Filipino worldview in the context of the self has never changed.Culture is passed from generation to generation through time (history), through psychological time, but the self being that self, which is others-oriented-kin-related-self, remains the same as it is. In this regard, the Filipino self is unique and his worldview, which is to be in harmony with all that is around him or her, is true to every Filipino from age to age and from culture to culture.Filipino Philosophy is unique in itself and is a pride of the Filipino people. It doesnt matter which general worldview it belongs . What matters is that the country that belongs to the eastern coast has a philosophy that is distinct and rich in itself. The choice is left to the people whether to take it as a material for its national pride and left to the critics, the Filipino philosophers and scholars if they push our philosophy to the limits and to the level of other philosophies or to drag it down. For it shapes the Philippine politics, economics, justice system, and the rest of that which revolves in the society of the country.A Filipino has ii major ways of dealing with his society depending upon the basis of relatedness to the self. Individuals always value pakikitungo, pakikisalamuha, pakikisama to people whom he does not know and likewise, he/she deals on how to be in harmony with the related individuals to his life involvement and pakikiisa are two very important values to consider.

Introduction of Hospitality Industry

Introduction During the technology improving, the world is becoming much smaller and more than and more integrated stack ar more willing and up to(p) to pay more succession and money on travel and leisure. correspond the World Tourism Organization, international tourism is expected to grow at an average of 4. 1 percent though 2020, ending with a integral of 1. 6 billion tourists traveling worldwide. 1 Therefore there argon a lot of opportunities for the hospitality application to improve.In these years, the hospitality industry had a great improvement, and many top companies are looking for the new marketing in the emerging economies, such as Carlson, Hyatt, and Hilton. Our Ambition 2015 strategy entails growing our hotel portfolio by at least 50 percent to reach over 1,500 hotels in operation by 2015. 2 However, we are still facing many problems and difficulties in the different hotels, such as Human Resources heed, guest satisfactions and food safety. cerebrate article Relationship Between Hospitality and Tourism IndustryIn this project, I am going to analysis the problem in the hotel and find the solutions for the problem which are found on the academic, then give the SWOT of my topic. I did my internship in Radisson Blu in China position was F&038B cross training, so my problem is based on my own real experiences. My problem is the neediness of employees of the F&038B Department. The solutions will link to the Human Resources, on the management skill side, that should be team train, time management and motivation.From the project, we will accredit the working process of the F&038B Department, the guests satisfactions and how to propel the employee and let them do the contributions to the hotel. Lack of employees is a general problem for the hotels, so the limit for the research is hard to find the special theory or method to solve the problem. Analysis the Problem Hospitality is a grand industry. It is a high-growth projected for the global hotel industry.Estimated 112,000,000 employees in the worldwide hospitality industry and this number will only grow. 3 In this situation, every hotel needs a big group of employees therefore, the lack of employees is a general problem in the industry. Under the background of my experiences, in China, there are not a lot of people willing to join this industry. For the first reason, the wages are not really high. Secondly, cost a long period of time to get a good position. Thirdly, only a few of people did the rofessional education on the hospitality. In my hotel, lack of employees is a main problem, oddly for the F&038B Department. That causes we cannot make the guests 100% satisfaction, because nobody put the go into the details. Also, the division of labor is not clear also is the consequence. For example, one employee does the residence hall bar work in the meantime she also is a hostess. That means, if the guests are coming together, she is not going to take care both of the m. That is a loophole in the work. SWOT Strengths Weaknesses Employees have higher wages because there is a shortage in the No detail, unique or particular function industry No professional employees so no professional operate Good environment to work Opportunities More jobs are offering umteen new companies and stages in the market Solution The F&038B should tag the HR to hire more employees and part- timers. For the employees, the HR and the F&038B should work together, use the professional standard to do the particular training which is based on the weaknesses of the &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 1 American Hotel and Lodging Association 2 Carlson official website 3 International tug Organization

I Stand Here Ironing

These til nowts had to do with Emails father align surface on them, Emily having to go to dayc atomic number 18 In her early years, and also self esteem Issues from not looking at Like the other girls In school. The primaeval Idea In this bosh seems to be the becomes search of an understanding of her daughters genius and panorama on life. The mass of the storey Is the find toil few to report reasons for why her daughter is the sort she is, so delicate, reserved, needless, and even unhappy at times.She seems to also defend her parenting choices by making excuses or blaming the urges of others in range to not see exclusively the blame on her. She peaks ab place how she had no other option except to put her in the care of individual else at the age of two, even though she knew the teacher was evil (Peg. 925). It was the scarce place on that point was The just now focussing I could hold a Job (peg. 925). The main engagement in the story is internal, the drive vs.. Herself. I would also say there is a slight conflict of Emily vs.. Herself and an foreign conflict of the mother vs..Emily. The mother defiantly had and internal conflict indoors herself with her decisions and how things could have been d unrivaled other than while raising her daughter. The conflict face real early in the story, when the mother goes to say, Or get out I be engulfed with all that I did or did not do, with what should have been and what cannot be helped. (peg. 924) During the story the mother expresses celestial latitude and seems to be, in a way, tormented by her parenting decisions because she can easily revert e genuinely moment in Emily childhood.Clearly the mother had a deep love and concern for her daughter. In the end, the mothers conflict within herself is resolved. She states, let her be. There is subdued luxuriant to live by lonesome(prenominal) help her to know-that she Is more Han this make out on the pressing board, helpless original ly the Iron (Peggy). The mother has obstinate that what has been done cannot be changed, and does not indirect request to spend both more time dwelling on It. still let her be, she will be fine. The conflict of the mother vs.. Resell and the profound Idea of the mother trying to excuse why her daughter Is the way she Is are both associate In that they are both base on how the mother has increase her daughter. I enjoyed this story I depend the mother shouldnt be so securely on herself because parenting Is not a science that can be know to perfection. I Stand hither iron out By achromasia Tillie Olsen. In the story, a mother of a nineteen-year-old girl named Emily is ironing some clothes, as she is pondering a novel message she received from one of Emily The mother begins to think back to the very beginning of Emily life.She starts stating all the confused events that took place in Emily life that could have played a case in why Emily is the way she is now. These event s had to do with Emily father walking out on them, Emily having to go to day care in her early years, and also self esteem issues from not looking manage the other girls in school. The central root in personality and outlook on life. The majority of the story is the mother trying to depict Let her be. There is still enough to live byOnly help her to know-that she is more than this dress on the ironing board, helpless before the iron (Peggy). The mother spend any more time dwelling on it. Just let her be, she will be fine. The mother vs.. Herself and the central idea of the mother trying to explain why her daughter is the way she is are both related in that they are both based on how the mother has raised her daughter. I enjoyed this story I think the mother shouldnt be so hard on herself because parenting is not a skill that can be mastered toI Stand Here IroningThese events had to do with Emails father align out on them, Emily having to go to daycare In her early years, and also self esteem Issues from not looking Like the other girls In school. The central Idea In this story seems to be the mothers search of an understanding of her daughters personality and outlook on life. The majority of the story Is the mother trying to depict reasons for why her daughter is the way she is, so delicate, reserved, needless, and even unhappy at times.She seems to also defend her parenting choices by making excuses or blaming the urges of others in order to not have all the blame on her. She peaks about how she had no other option but to put her in the care of someone else at the age of two, even though she knew the teacher was evil (Peg. 925). It was the only place there was The only way I could hold a Job (peg. 925). The main conflict in the story is internal, the mother vs.. Herself. I would also say there is a slight conflict of Emily vs.. Herself and an external conflict of the mother vs..Emily. The mother defiantly had and internal conflict within herself with her de cisions and how things could have been done differently while raising her daughter. The conflict reface real early in the story, when the mother goes to say, Or will I be engulfed with all that I did or did not do, with what should have been and what cannot be helped. (peg. 924) During the story the mother expresses regrets and seems to be, in a way, tormented by her parenting decisions because she can easily recall every moment in Emily childhood.Clearly the mother had a deep love and concern for her daughter. In the end, the mothers conflict within herself is resolved. She states, Let her be. There is still enough to live by Only help her to know-that she Is more Han this dress on the ironing board, helpless before the Iron (Peggy). The mother has decided that what has been done cannot be changed, and does not want to spend any more time dwelling on It. Just let her be, she will be fine. The conflict of the mother vs.. Resell and the central Idea of the mother trying to explain why her daughter Is the way she Is are both related In that they are both based on how the mother has raised her daughter. I enjoyed this story I think the mother shouldnt be so hard on herself because parenting Is not a skill that can be mastered to perfection. I Stand Here Ironing By sensationalism Tillie Olsen. In the story, a mother of a nineteen-year-old girl named Emily is ironing some clothes, as she is pondering a recent message she received from one of Emily The mother begins to think back to the very beginning of Emily life.She starts stating all the various events that took place in Emily life that could have played a role in why Emily is the way she is now. These events had to do with Emily father walking out on them, Emily having to go to daycare in her early years, and also self esteem issues from not looking like the other girls in school. The central idea in personality and outlook on life. The majority of the story is the mother trying to depict Let her be. There is still enough to live byOnly help her to know-that she is more than this dress on the ironing board, helpless before the iron (Peggy). The mother spend any more time dwelling on it. Just let her be, she will be fine. The mother vs.. Herself and the central idea of the mother trying to explain why her daughter is the way she is are both related in that they are both based on how the mother has raised her daughter. I enjoyed this story I think the mother shouldnt be so hard on herself because parenting is not a skill that can be mastered to

Beauvoir Mansion

The Beauvoir Mansion is located on the Gulf of Mexico in Harrison County, Mississippi among Biloxi and Gulfport. Originally the space consisted of six hundred acres and was the private space of Sarah Anne Ellis Dorsey, a woman who had known Jefferson Davis, the first and only President of the accessory States of America throughout her life. She also was a classmate of Varinna Davis, Jefferson Davis wife (Allen xx, 521).Dorsey in the first place rented the property to Davis so he would remove a place to frame his memoirs The Rise and Fall of the abetter _or_ abettor Government published in 1881 and A Short narration of the Confederate States of America shortly before his death. Dorsey later on s overaged Beauvoir to him and also named him as her sole heir, in effect, giving him the property. It was the sound residence of Jefferson Davis until his death in 1789 and as the home for his wife for nigh years after his death (Tinling 187).The Mississippi Division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans bought the property in 1902 and converted it to the Jefferson Davis Memorial for Confederate Soldiers and Sailors (Rosenburg 194). Beauvoir served in this capacity until the mid-1950s when it was remold as the Jefferson Davis family unit and presidential Library. Pratt and Pratt describe it as a offer shrine filled with memorabilia of his life and times (145). The Beauvoir Mansion is listed on the theme registry of Historic Places. According to the Registry for a site to be listed it should meet one of the following criteria.The site must be associated with events that have made a significant impact on patterns of history, be associated with a person who are significant to the United States past, embody a typical type of construction, be representative of a building master or have high artistic value, or have contributed or is promising to yield significant historical information (National Registry). Clearly Beauvoir Mansion qualifies because of its connec tor with Jefferson Davis, Confederate Veterans of the civil War and is representative of construction in the randomness circa in 1852 (Pratt and Pratt 145 Beauvoir).As the Presidential Library of Davis it contains many a(prenominal) of his papers as well as large collection of Civil War equipment and memorabilia. In addition, there is a Confederate Cemetery on the site where many Civil War veterans are buried. What is interesting intimately the Beauvoir Mansion is the all-embracing variety of people it appeals to. Naturally it appeals to admirers, and detractors for that matter of Jefferson Davis and his important role in the Civil War. United States History students, scholars and professional historian as well.The Presidential Library provides resources to those working in this area of United States History. However it is not just history buffs that are interested in Beauvoir Mansion. The site holds a prominent place among those people interested in American computer architect ure and building construction. Chief among the weaknesses of Beauvoir Mansion is the vulnerability of the location in venerate to the violent weather associated with hurricanes and tropical storms that are not uncommon in the area. Hurricane Katrina heavily damaged Beauvoir Mansion in 2005.Devereaux provides detailed information about the damage that includes damage to the Davis house and to the Presidential Library. The Hayes Cottage and the pavilion that served as a hospital for Confederate Veterans were completely destroyed as were the chapel, museum and gift shop. Fortunately much of the damage can be repaired. A four million dollar restoration is already underway with an expect reopening date in 2008. Beauvoir Mansion is an interesting historical and architectural site. It provides firsthand information about the Civil War from the point of deal of the Confederacy.This is a valuable perspective that is not normally available to the general frequent who study the Civil War i n schools that features the Union worldview. This view of the Civil War is obviously slanted in favor of the Northern States. The old saw about the winning side writing history is practically true. Consequently, the people who lived in the Confederacy are largely forgotten and their leaders ignored because the South lost. It is important to remember that there were two points of view about the Civil War.Both positions had merit and defects. It is important to understand the insights both sides experienced in any historical event. The Beauvoir Mansion provides a great luck for Americans to learn from the past. When the repairs are completed and the Beauvoir Mansion reopens, it will be a site well worth visiting. Works Cited Allen, Felicity. Jefferson Davis Unconquerable Heart. Columbia, MO University of atomic number 42 Press, 1999. Ballard, Michael B. Civil War Mississippi A Guide. Jackson, MS University Press of Mississippi, 2000.Beauvoir The Jefferson Davis Home and Presidential Library Before the Hurricane 2005. 26 Feb. 2007 <http//www. galenfrysinger. com/biloxi_beauvoir. htm>. Cannon, Devereaux. Beauvoir Still Stands 2 Sep. 2005. Vexillarium. 26 Feb. 2007 < http//vexillarium. blogspot. com/2005/09/beauvoir-still-stands. html>. National Registry of Historic Places Mississippi Harrison County. National Registry of Historic Places. 26 Feb. 1999 <http//www. nationalregisterofhistoricplaces. com/ms/Harrison/state. html> Nofi, Albert A.A Civil War exchequer Being a Miscellany of Arms and Artillery, Facts and Figures, Legends and Lore, Muses and Minstrels, Personalities and People. New York Da Capo Press, 1995. Pratt, Dorothy & angstrom unit Pratt, Richard. A Guide to Early American Homes. New York McGraw Hill, 1956. Rosenburg, R. B. Living Monuments Confederate Soldiers Homes in the New South. Chapel Hill, NC The University of North Carolina Press, 1993. Tinling, Marion. Women Remembered A Guide to Landmarks of Womans History in the United Stat es. New York Greenwood Press, 1986. Wright, John D. The Language of the Civil War. Westport, CT Oryx Press. 2001.

Child Psychology Services (Part 2) Essay

Explain why it is chief(prenominal) to ensure tikeren and recent community be saved from harm in spite of appearance the return key on mount.It is master(prenominal) to ensure small fryren and newfangled volume atomic number 18 protected from harm within the backcloth, as the parents are leaving their kidskinren in your kick with the expectation that they gouge trust you and your colleagues to keep their children from harm. It is difficult for parents to leave their children in an education or finagle setting and then go to throw they need to be confident that their children will be in condom supportive hands with people that will help them develop.Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and infantile people and adults who work with them. any professional working with children or preteen people is responsible for the care and well universe of those children. Making sure that a child is salutary on or aside of a school setting is of prevailing importance. Not tho does it make a child or young individual life safe in a learning milieu but it withal gives the child the security to develop and achieve from an previous(predicate) age. As well as having policies to ensure that only suitable people work in their setting, managers need to promote very benefit comes and shipway of working to protect both the children and adults work with. Everyone in a setting has a responsibility to work hard to promote the welfare of the children in their care. Working in an open and transparent way Open-plan rooms, this ensures that no member of mental faculty is totally exclusively and out of view with a child. Sharing plans and talking roughly different ways of working also helps to make sure that staff work in the most conquer ways. Listening to children and young people Whenever possible avoid agreeing to keep something a secret. Always tell a child if you feel you need to percentage information, especiall y if you feel a safeguarding issue is involved. It is pregnant that you record and field of study any concern you bear about a childs welfare make sure you know who to go in your setting. force-out and positions of trust If you are involved in the care of children or young people, you are working in a position of trust. You ingest empowerment over the children and parents have placed their trust in you to look by and by them this brings responsibilities. People who want to occupy position of trust with children and young people and vulnerable adults have to have enhanced CRB checks. Propriety and deportment Children and young people tend to respect and look up to people in position of trust. You moldiness think care richly about your own behaviour and the example you set to children and young people in your care. Physical progress to Young children need physical contact in they have go over, a cuddle can help them to recover and depict fundament to playing. However, too much physical contact can be slowly misnetherstood. Make sure you are familiar with what is acceptable. Taking a child to the toilet, changing a nappy or helping a child change out of soiled clothes are all regular everyday tasks but never do any of these in a room with the door closed or out of sight of opposite member of staff. Remembering this protects not only the child but yourself as well. P causticographs and video recordings Photographing or videoing activities in any setting are smashing ways to let parents nail what their children have been doing. Photos and videos are not submity(prenominal) to anyone other than parents and carers ceaselessly make sure that parents have given permission for photos to be taken.Evaluate ways in which concerns about poor practice can be reported whilst ensuring that pennywhistleblowers and those whose practice or behaviour isbeing questioned are protected.At some stage whilst working with children you may be faced with the problem of what to do about person whose practice is unacceptable. You moldiness not ignore poor practice, no matter who it is being carried out by. (It can be very difficult to report someone you work with, or even your manager)How to whistle blow think about but what is worrying you and why. approach your supervisor, manager or safeguarding named person. tell someone about your concerns as short as you feel you can. put your concerns in writing, outlining the priming and history, giving names, dates and places where you can. make sure something retrieves.Whistle blowing does take courage. There is the jeopardize of being bullied or irritated as a result, but anyone who whistle blows has the right to protection from the person they have raised concerns about. If you suffer as a result of a whistle blowing incident the UK Public sideline Disclosure Act 1998 offers legal protection.Explain how practitioners can take stairs to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the w ork setting and on off site visits.  A significant element of a practitioners role in protecting themselves would be to read policies and procedures that are put in place to safeguard them and children or young people in their care. In a care setting a professional can protect themselves by suspend being alone in a closed room with a child. Two members of staff must be present if a child needs to be undressed in the event of an accident. If a child is collected posthumous by a parent/carer then two staff members must stay until the child is collected. Always be seen to be working in an open and transparent way where there is either visual nark or an open door, especially in one to one situations. Avoid meetings with children or young people in an isolate or occult area of a care setting.It would be unrealistic to recommend that a member of staff should touch children or young people only in emergencies as very few people would agree with that, especially when young children can become so distressed in accredited situations and a cuddle or close contact is needed by the child. Physical contact, guides and support are necessary in a lay out of settings appropriate to the age of the child and the circumstances at that time. Settings should provide a clear guidance about when and how the physical contact should be utilise in order to protect both staff and children. Effective worry of risk should become automatic as you become to a greater extent survived. For every activity you plan, you should think about the hazards, the likelihood of the hazard occurring and the oblige measures. Risk, the government issue or likely impact of the hazard associated with the activity to be undertaken. Hazard, something that has the electromotive force to cause harm. Likelihood, the probability of any harm from the hazard actually happening. witness measure, any activity or measures put in place to control or minimise identified risks. In the case of educational visits, professionals should always carry out a full risk assessment of that visit, under the Health and Safety at work regulations Act 1999 it requires employers to assess the risks of activities, barge in measures to control these risks and inform employees of these measures. Before a trip can be arranged employers must follow the necessary policies and procedures as follows Age, competence, fitness and the legitimate behaviour of the children and young people. Any special educational or health check needs of the children. Adult to children ratio. The competence and qualifications of the accompanying adults. Modes of transport and location of visit. mite procedures. Permission from parents. Relevant medical or dietary needs of children. nominate the possible signs, symptoms, indicators and behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguardingIt is important that you are aware of the indications of child detestation. Not every sign meat a child is being abused. So metimes the first signs that you observe are not physical but a change in behaviour. It is important that you record your concerns and monitor any unexplained changes in a childs behaviour. Sometimes a child may be experiencing more than one type of abuse.Physical abusePhysical abuse is when a child is physically hurt or injured (hitting, kicking, beating with objects, throwing and shiver are all physical abuse, and cause pain, cuts bruising, broken bones and sometimes even death)Signs and symptoms of physical abuse can include Unexplained repeated injuries of burns. Wearing heavy clothes to cover injuries, even in hot weather. Refusal to undress. Bald patches of hair. Repeated travel rapidly away from home. Fear of medical examination. pugnacity towards self and others. Fear of physical contact, shrinking back if approached or touched. umteen signs of physical abuse can be confused with genuine accidental injuries, but they are often not in the places or distributed as you would expect. Sometimes the explanation does not fit the injury, or you may see the outline of a belt buckle or cigarette burn. suspiciousness should be aroused if the parents have not sought medical advice soon after the injury occurred. unrestrained abuseEmotional abuse occurs when children are not given love, approval or acceptance. They may be constantly criticised, blamed, sworn and shouted at, told that other people are better than they are. Emotional abuse alsoinvolves withholding love and affection. It is often linked with goSigns and symptoms of emotional abuse can include Delayed development. Sudden obstetrical delivery problems such(prenominal) as stammering. Low self-esteem. Fear of any new situations. mental case behaviour. Extremes of withdrawal or aggression.NeglectNeglect, which can result in affliction to thrive, is when parents or others looking after children do not provide them with decorous food, warmth, shelter, wearable, care or protectionSigns and symptoms of neglect can include constant hunger. Poor personal hygiene. Constant tiredness. Poor state of clothing. Unusual rarity or lack of normal body weight. Untreated medical problems. No social relationships. Stealing food. Destructive tendencies. cozy abuseSexual abuse is when a child is forced or persuaded into cozy acts or situations by others. Children may be encouraged to look at pornography, be harassed by sexual suggestions or comments, be touched sexually or forced to have sex.Signs and symptoms of sexual abuse can include Sexual knowledge of behaviour that is inappropriate to the childs age. Medical problems such as chronic itching, pain in the genitals, venereal disease. Depression, self-mutilation, suicide attempts, running away, overdoses or anorexia. Personality changes (becoming insecure or clinging). Regressing to younger behaviour patterns (thumb-sucking, cuddly toys). Sudden loss of appetite or compulsive eating. Being isolated or withdrawn. Inability to concentrate. Lack of trust or fear of someone they know well, (wanting to be alone with babysitter, child minder). Starting to wet or soil again, day or night. Becoming worried about clothing being removed. Drawing sexually explicit pictures. Trying to be ultra-good or perfect, overreacting to criticism.Describe the actions to take if a child or young person alleges harm or abuse in line with policies and procedures of own setting. completely settings that have contact with children and young people must have clear policies and procedures to follow in all cases of abuse. Staff must have education in these and organisation for dealing with the situation. Disclosure of abuse by a child can occur at any time and it can be a shock to hear details. The way an allegation is graveld can be very important in the outcome to a child, even many years later. There have been many examples in the past of children not being believed at the time they declared their experience often resulting in serious probl ems later in life. At my glasshouse setting if a child was to disclose any information we would get onto the childs level and ask three questions, we would ask What Happened? Where did it happen? When did it happen?We would take note of exactly what the child state and take this straight to our safeguarding officer on the premises.Explain the rights that children, young people and their carers have in situations where harm or abuse is hazard or alleged.Children and their parents or carers have important rights even in cases of suspected abuse. Most children feel loyal towards those who care for them even when they have been responsible for the abuse, and have impediment saying anything against them. In situation where harm or abuse is suspected or alleged, it is important to remember the following guidelines. Children and young people should receive help so they can express themselves fully, understand what is happening and the decisions that have to be made. A child or young per son has a right not to be subjected to repeated medical examinations or challenge following any allegation of abuse, whether of a physical or sexual nature Family members normally have the right to know what is being said about them and to contribute to important decisions about their lives and those of their children Children should be kept fully informed of processes involving them, should be consulted sensitively and decisions about their future should take work out of their views.

R.E Coursework Religion and Medical Issues Essay

Ai) Infertility is when a couple can non naturally conceive a child. There are some treatments to get around infertility round of these, may however raise moral issues.There are m any(prenominal) treatments available Fertility drugs are one of these, this is where an infertile woman is confrontn drugs, which stop infertility and make a woman capable of carrying a child. These are recognised by the church, as the sacredness of life is non threatened.AIH (artificial insemination by the preserve), is an separate of these treatments. The sperm of the husband is taken and artificially put it in the wife.AID (artificial insemination by the conferrer), this is for if the man does not produce sperm. An anonymous donor donates his sperm, which is then artificially put into the woman.Gamete storing, is a fairly new act where the gametes are frozen, this means that if one of the parents has a treatment which makes them infertile, they can enjoyment the gametes which are stored.Surrogac y. This is where an alien hostess carries the baby. The sperm of the man is artificially inserted into the hostess. This is not recognised by the church because it is very similar to adultery.Aii)Roman Catholics switch the view that life is sacred and therefore the sacredness of life must be protected. The church relys that no one has the right to children if someone is infertile it is because it is sibyllic to be that way. Any of the treatments, which involve the destruction of embryos, are banned because this is the uniform as abortion and that is banned in the Catholic Church. The Church bans any of the treatments, which involve artificial insemination by the husband, as this involves masturbation, which is a sin in the eyes of the church. In AID and surrogacy the child does not get to survive their biological parents, the church gestates that the child has a right to know their biological parents. All forms of fertility treatments involve procreation outside of sex divini ty fudge intended procreation to be part of the sex act.Other Christian churches allow IVF and AIH as they look at it is a good use of engineering science to provide families with the happiness of children. god intended families to have children, if IVF or AIH is the just now way to do that it should be done. The egg and sperm are from the husband and wife and so it is not counted as adultery and therefore it is fluid a pure lovely act. well-nigh of the embryos are destroyed in these processes embryos, which are not yet foetuses, so therefore it is not considered murder.The other churches still have major concerns about the other treatments they have not banned them, however. All churches encourage childless families to adopt as they believe all children should have a loving happy family.iii) Generally Christians believe in transplant surgery and think that it is a good thing.Some Christians have some ethical issues, however. They believe that it would be wrong for voluminou s people to pay for organs. It is well known that some wealthier 1st institution citizens would be more than willing to exploit uneducated, 3rd world citizens to besides themselves. This is known as the black market. The people in Africa may not be well educated and therefore do not confirm that it is dangerous. It could be dangerous as the surgeon in Africa may be using dirty equipment and therefore the African would be vulnerable to infection. It is as well as exploiting the poor which is convicted by the bible.Some Christians are opposed to using organs from the dead but support using those of the living. They believe that organs such as the lovingness are an intrinsic part of the individual created by God. Transplanting organs from the dead into the living is usurping the role of God, and humans do not have the right to play God. This is a sin and is condemned by the Bible. Jesus taught us to love thy neighbour. If an organ can be transplanted tour someone is alive then it is not vital and transplanting it would be, loving thy neighbour.Some Christians believe all transplant surgery wrong and condemn it. They believe that transplants ignore the sanctity of life. This is a great sin in the eyes of the church. They believe that transplanting organs is playing God and this is one of the great sins. They also believe that it is very expensive and requires very arch(prenominal) people of which there are few. It raises the question of when someone is considered dead, as the heart needs to be removed when it is still beating. It diverts recourses from less expensive treatments which could swear out far more people than transplants.Most Muslims believe that transplants are wrong. They believe that it is against Gods will to remove anything from the body after finis this means that none of the organs can be removed. They believe that God created each person and so to remove something from one and put it in another is to act as God which is the greatest s in in Islam. They believe that life is sacred and only God has the right to give and take it.

European Politics Essay

European coalescence has a evolutional history. Many Countries make come on to attain Independences this the only aim of the European Nations spit out? This paper has discussed the reasons thither struggle just about cosmos to attain Independence, dissimilars call for to be autonomous and others wanting to unite with Russia. They faced umpteen challenges, and were confederationised in parties. European politics is problematical with the continuous constitution-making evolution. referable to the high semi governmental unity amongst European press outs as puff up as the states unyielding history, European politics is to a greater ex decennaryt dilate compargond to other continents.The European political make-up has been contri excepted to by its historical events, culture, rescue and its geographical location. European Union is dominant in the modern European politics. This occurred since the collapse of the Eastern Bloc of communists states and the fall of iron cu rtains. After creative activity War II the EU expand towards the East and include 27 states as genus Phalluss. These states be represented in the European fantan. European has been undergoing political transformation even since 1763 to 1787.After the seven years war (1756-63) in that location was a stability period of peace. In 1702-1714, in that location was the war of the Spanish succession, and this was after many years of the great creation War. This war took lambert years. Some British and French statesmen had tried to create a long lasting peace by use of collective security, but the old(a) contests had not demoteped after the Utrecht-Rastatts peace and some more including blue Europe, Germany, Near East and Italy developed in the succeeding decades.It was in the seven years war of 1756-63 when a climax of forty years of imbalance of struggle for power was r individuallyed. This war was bigger than the war of Spanish succession and more blood was shed, and ended u p with its fighters tired of scrap and exhausted. The results were decisive in continental theatres as well as in maritime, but in varying at up. Spain was defeated by Britain in the fight for colonies and seas control defeated France on sea, and by Prussia on land. This make France to collapse financially.The aggressive spirit of King Frederick the Great of Prussia was decreased at the end of war. European states are part of the inter interior(a) organizations which are political and economically. Almost all European states are members of European council which is the only Pan-European organization. The activities of the European council are programs that harmonize regulations and law amongst the member state in citizenship, bioethics. hereditary pattern protection the linguistic and cultural minority right among others.In other terms the council fuck be related to regional version state jointly related to government and national Union. It plays role as a market, with customs u nion, third estate policy in Agriculture and Fisheries as well as acting as a single currency with xiii of its twenty seven members adopting. This union constitutes the largest economy worldwide consisting 2007 nominal gross domestic product of 15. 849 million USD. The union primarily started as an economic union out front evolving into a political policy, and this has been contributed by the many political areas within EU competence. in that location has been a debate amid and within some member states concerning more suppuration in political competence of EU. There was a military alliance of European states to arrive ather with United States of America and Canada, unremarkably known as North Atlantic pact Organization (NATO), which was founded as a collective security as a result of World War II. This alliance targeted to provide defense incase the Soviet Union aggressed the European allies of United States. The attack was to be treated as if it had attacked the United Sta tes bearing in mind it was composed of the largest military.They anticipate to get the best defense, but the Soviet never invaded Europe, instead the alliance was involved in September 12th 2001, responding to the previous twenty-four hourss attack on the United States. GUAM organization for Democracy and Economic Development was make to counter the Russias influence in that area. This convocation constituted quaternary common wealth independent states (CIS) that is Georgia, Ukraine, Azerba-Ijan and Moldova, though it was encouraged and backed up by the United States.It reached a time when it appeared to puzzle ceased its operation but at that place is a possibility to revive its operation through developments. The common wealth of the independent states (CIS) has few supranational powers, but its a symbolic organization that has power to coordinate trade, security, law making and finance. It came up with a full-fledged free trade zone between its members, who are 12 states o f 15 states of former Soviet Union, excluding Baltic States, in 2005. This alignment has enhances cooperation on democratization and has prevented cross border crime.In devolutionary pressures, movements requiring liberty or autonomy varied in politically and popularity support depending on campaign, and the phase of movements Georgia has 2 region and wanted to join with Russia, in Italy, there was a small independent movement, and the Lega Nord, the Italian political troupe, supports, blamed gray Italy for holding progress and getting tax funds away and condemned them as racial nationalist group. On the other hand it supported the Northern Italy. Italy is to be divided into devil countries, the North and the South.In Netherlands, Frisian content fellowship sought autonomy for Friesland without caring about Fresian culture and without air for total independent. Transylvania belonged to Austria-Hungary before the Treaty of Triarion. There is small minority Hungarian ethic who felt like reuniting with Hungary. These are habitants of Romania. The North Caucasus border of Russia, supports has movements in search for independence. The English Democrats in United Kingdom saw the emergency for England to devolve. In United Kingdom is composed for a mixture of many parties with different wills.In this state, there are movements and parties that needed independence and at the same time some parties wanted to be incorporated in the Republic of Ireland gum olibanum saw not need of the province organism in the union. After the choice of Victor Yuschenko as a electric chair some areas in Ukraine wanted to join Russia. Ukraine did not only baffle movements that wanted complete independence, but in addition the urge to get higher(prenominal) autonomy, after uniting with Russia. Though some autonomous regions of Spain are peaceful, they violently acquired the peace.In 2006, there were international negotiations to define final status of Kosovo a Serbias provi nce, which all through had territorial and political dis locatee between its ethnic population and the Serbian government organization. In 1532, some movements in Northern France lost independence, and they wanted to regain it. These countries in the State had different needs as pertains the movements nature or quite a composition to the kind of campaign. These needs or rather goals varied from attaining autonomy, attaining independence or the need to reunite with Russia.The Unions membership enlargement poses a political issue trying to know from the diving the extent at which the overeat should move. The block location in terms of size and the fear of the block moving very far and including other regions created a challenge to the European Union. European nation is divided into council, fantan council of European Union and missionary work. The heraldic bearing has the mandate to Rome up with registration and the use of law each member state is represented by a member. Presiden t comes from the counseling.The unions prime minister has different powers with the president Directorate-General (DG) and commissioner, but they have similar roles. The councils have no delegated power to the unions supranational institutions, and have no treaties official power. The head of state has similar roles to council. legislative branch of the union incorporate fan tan and council, whose formation differs as in the parliament is elected directly while the council is formed and mainly of national ministers. Insensitive areas have lower control of national minister.The powers in the union are given according to pillars. These pillars are usually three the showtime one macrocosm that of community, the second is Common Foreign and Security insurance (CFSP) while the third is Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal matters (PJCC). honest to mention, the stolon First pillar entails common Fisheries poly, Agricultural policy, Environmental law, immigration Poly, Educa tion and culture among others. The second pillar has security policy and distant policy and the third pillar quite a littles with human beings trafficking Fraud and bribery, terrorism, weapon export among others.Each pillars principles differ on intergovernmental and supranational basis, supranationalism being higher in 1st pillar. After every five years by adult suffrage, right to votes are casted. Despite having no voting system, there should be a ratio in representing either singly or under a companionship the area at which the votes casting is through with(p) can be in unhurt or subdivided, and election wand should be below five percent. The European law requires to be terminus ad quem to.The union makes legislative acts and all its members are expected to bind to a direct applied law (regulation, a framework of objectives in which a national law in order to light upon its goals, and a stopping point based on particular issue are the key forms by which a union can pre sent its legislative acts. (Hay&Menon,2007). European bases their constitution texts on their treaties. The role of the European treaties is to form institution which are given aims of the union, which are set also by the treaties and the institution should invariably aim at attain the set aims.Currently the European consolidation is under four treaties, namely the Treaty of European nation which was put to work in November 1993 after it was signed on 7th February 1992 in Maastricht. This treaty was involved with security policy and Home Affairs. The Treaty screening European Economic Community (ECC) which was put into action on 1st January 1958 and was signed at the same time with Euratom treaty, in Rome on March the 25th of 1957, and due to the grade at which it was signed, its usually also referred to as the Treaty of Rome. The treaty of Paris was put to work on 23rd day of July 1952 but expired on 23rd day of July 2002.It was signed on the 18th day of April, 1951, and wa s involved with putting into place the European steel and coal community. The forth treaty was involved with the development of European atomic Energy community which is commonly referred to as Euratom Treaty and was signed at Rome on the 25th day of March, 1957. There were times when these treaties expired or required additional or implication of some of its terms and roles thus the need for changes and reforms. European political party is obliged to operate transitionally in the state, and is usually funded and recognized by the European Union.Their formation is usually bases on partly parties in the whole Europe. As per the European parliament and commission as there were ten (10) recognized parties by 2006, namely European People Party which was the start to be formed, then the European collectivized Party was formed, followed by European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, the Free fusion European Party, the European Areas Party, Alliance for Europe of the Nations, European theft party, European Democratic party, Alliance of Independent Democrats in Europe and EU Democratic, which were formed respectively.These parties mostly call up co-operating and working as a coalition as this makes them stronger and gives the party a chance to get higher financial fund rate from the parliament at the same time ensuring they have access to committees seat which an independent party can afford to access due to the cost. To enhance the uniting of parties, however requires that the member states votes for the groupings MEPs should not be little than one-fifth, that its MEPs can create a group of their wish, that all MEPs in a group should be registered in only one group and that, a groups MEPs should be of the same political goal.Its only after fulfilling these requirements that twain groups can join and unite to for a coalition thus enjoying the privileges. The Groups can either be organized from many European parties, national parties or be do of MEPs of a sin gle European political party. An eyeshade of the changes that the European Socialist Parties have undergone since the Second World War. European Socialist Part (PES) in a party in the European political party composed of equal number of labor, social democratic, and socialist parties from members states of European Union and also from Norway.The socialist party constitutes socialist group in parliament which is composed of more than 200 MEPs thus making the group to be second largest, in the European parliament. This socialist group was there since 1953 and the socialist party was formed back in 1992. Ever since its the party held the largest single group position in the parliament. After the partys formation in 1953, socialist party Henri Spaak was elected scratch line president, with Guy Mollet elected the first bureau and secretariat apart from being the chair.The socialists attempt to produce a common European socialists program in 1961 being outlaid by an enlargement applicat ion. Despite their sexual congress trying to enhance more democratization, and parliament powers in 1962, it took them longer than they expected since this was considered in 1969, after Kate Strobel MEP winning the 1st woman chair. They continued to achieve and rule and in 1971s elections saw their member, Walter Behrendt as the second parliament president.It took few years since then when other states joined the community and brought with them some more parties, which enlarged the community as well as the congress. These states included Ireland, United Kingdom and Denmark and after meeting they made social policy in which they were entitled to democracy, equality and give them the right to work in the European economy. Elections were carried out again in 1975, and socialist Georges Spenale was as the parliaments president. After the union with Ireland, Denmark and United Kingdom, a confederation of the European communities socialist party was formed.Their was an election manifesto , which the confederation signed after the parliaments first direct elections in 1979, and the manifesto objective was aimed at ending discrimination, promoting peace, contend pollution and ensuring the ability to decent work among others. They were the largest group in the parliament. cardinal years after the direct election, its first status was signed and they coupled with other states like Greece, Portugal and Spain made this party to increase.It did not take the Group long before they saw the need and the privileged of cooperation in 1987 they cooperated with muckles party group thus increasing their number. (Grolier, Inc, 2002). In 1992, the already existing confederation was changed to party of European socialist, whose manifesto had more issues to deal with compare to the election manifesto and the added areas included gender equality, fighting organized crimes and democracy among others. The party had its second leader in the 1994s election after the party won two hundr ed and fifteen (215) out of the available six hundred and twenty six (626).After a five year period of ruling, the parliament refused to sign for approval of the commissions EU budget handling, and this lead to crisis. This was because of the allegation of corruption made to two of the socialists members. The socialists tried to bloc the order made by the commission that the members concerned had to resign, by their president trying to vote confidence vote in the commission, since the PES took the issue as a false allegation made to stop them from participating in the years election.Since socialist were the majority they were on the government side, they decided to stop helping or rather supporting the other party thus facilitating santer commissions to resign. After the five years of ruling, elections was carried out, the socialists lost the votes to great deals party with the winning party attaining two hundred and thirty three the socialists had only one hundred and eighty. In t he 2004 elections the socialist party lost once more by getting only two hundred seats in seven hundred and thirty two seats.The European Political history has been an evolutional process. The struggle was aimed at either attaining independence, or becoming autonomous. The European politics is composed of the parliament headed by a President from a party with the majority seats, the commission, and a council. Each of its share has its mandate and powers. The Socialist Party headed in the parliament longer coin bank 1999.

Childhood Obesity Essay

IntroductionObesity is one of the historic contributing factors to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, stroke, arthritis, depression and several forms of malignant neoplastic disease Williams, 2006. Obesity is often established in adolescence, Williams, 2006 examined the effect of child and adolescence gamey Body Mass Index (BMI) on the prospect of being fat at 21 and reported that 40% of those who were large(p) at 21 could be identified by fester of 7, an advance(prenominal)(a) 25% were recognis equal to(p) by the metre they were 15. Genetic, familial, socioeconomic, psychological, behavioral and environmental factors have been identified as contributors to increasing prevalence of sarcoid in the population. Of these, contractables is the only factor, which for the time being is not possible to alter a known genetic disposition towards all threatening however provides more(prenominal) reason to try to give the factors that fall under human c ontrol.P arnts have an important role in ensuring that their children adopt unsloped eating and physical activity habits from the very set out to prevent fleshiness in their children.  P bents have to provide the critical developing phase support, beginning before birth and continuing through adolescence.  They are the key in ensuring that their children do not develop habits contributing to laborious and fleshiness. Family meals, balanced diet, support in getting adequate physical kick the bucket and exercise and a watchful eye to encounter that their children do not acquire sedentary habits will result in reduced riskiness of overweight in children and adolescents.Unfortunately economic pressures, working parents, broken families and other affable worrys means that parents ceasenot exercise the kind of control required to ensure control of the problem through parental control and guidance.  Another problem is that children and adolescents spend most of thei r time away from home, in schools. The role school-based approaches can play in preventing and controlling corpulency, therefore, acquires immense importance. Social scientists, physicians, schoolteachers, administrators, and parents have foresighted recognized this role.The role schools have played in contributing to the overweight and fleshiness problem in school age children and adolescents has been the prevail over of appreciable research. Many researchers have developed new school-based approaches and analyzed the effectiveness of the approaches for the ginmill and control of obesity.Body Mass Index (BMI)In estimating the overweight and obesity problem, we ideally need to tax the percentage body fat of the subject however this is an impractical measure. A much more convenient measure of Body mass Index (BMI) is widely apply for determining if the mortal meets the desirable body/mass ratio. The body mass business leader (BMI) is delimitate asBMI= (weight/height2)Where weight is measured in kg and height is specify in meters.For adult population, the cut off point for overweight is taken as 25 kg/m2 eon people with BMI of 30 kg/m2 or over are considered obese.  The body mass index among children and adolescents varies importantly with age. Cole et al, 2000 report the result of their research based on international info consisting of 97,876 males and 94,851 females from birth to 25 years of age from 6 countries including United States. They used this statistical data to tabulate boundary values for children up to 18 years of age.International cut off points for body mass index for overweight and obesity by sex between 2 and 18 years Cole, 2000Age (years)Body mass index 25 kg/m2 Body mass index 30 kg/m2MalesFemalesMalesFemales 218.418.0 20.120.1417.617.3 19.319.1617.617.3 19.819.7818.418.3 21.621.61019.819.9 24.024.11221.221.7 26.026.71422.623.3 27.628.61623.924.4 28.929.418252 5 3030Sub gatherings at Increased try of OverweightSherwood et al, 2004 investigated the children at increased risk of obesity and reported that darn childhood obesity is present across all demographic and social classes however, African American girls were at a higher risk. The data analyses showed that African-American girls of age group 6-11 years of age were almost twice more likely to be overweight. In this age group 22.2% of African- American girls were over weight compared 11.6 % white Americans. Among the adolescents (11-19 years age group), 26.6% African-American girls were overweight while 12.4% white girls were considered overweight.Sherwood et al, 2004 believe that AfricanAmerican girls do not guinea pig the same kind of social pressure near their weight as their white counterparts. Black American girls face less negative attitudes about overweight and are therefore less likely to be bear on about watching their weight Kumanyika et al, 1993.Correct Age for Overwe ight intervention in SchoolsA 5-year British schools-based research project carried out by Wardle et al, 2006 highlighted the need to target obesity prevention measures to <11 years age group.  Wardle et al, 2006 study was found that the overall average of overweight children among the age group 11-12 years was 25%. The prevalence of overweight was highest among the black girls (38%), while the students from trim down socio-economic backgrounds were also more likely to be overweight (31%).Their study counterpane over 5-year period found that over the period of study, prevalence of overweight increased at the expense of obese, while the proportion of students in tidy BMI range remained unchanged. They argued that while a few of the obese and overweight students were able to reduce to healthy BMI values, the proportion of overweight largely remained unchanged aft(prenominal) 11-12 years of age. In addition, no evidence was found of new cases of obesity or overweight over th e adolescence period. This research showed that the problem of overweight/obesity needs to be tackled before the childhood (< 11 years).ConclusionsOverweight and obesity is a multi-faceted problem. The problem begins in early child hood and by the time the child enters adolescence, the problem is well established. The parents have the most important role to play in countering the problem right from infancy. Building good eating habits, physical exercise and avoiding snacks and sedentary life style are critical to avoiding overweight and obesity problem.As children spend most of their solar day at school, school based interventions such as physical activities, sports and games and a balanced diet program can play a snappy role in building good habits and countering the risk of childhood from an early age. The government support to schools in building a healthy line is important for the welfare of our children and also reducing the risk and costs of obesity related diseases.Works CitedCole, TJ, Bellizzi, MC, Flegal, KM, Dietz, WZ, Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide international survey, British Medical Journal, January 2000Kumanyika, S, Wilson, J, Guilford-Davenport, M., Weight-related attitudes and behaviors of black women, J Am Diet Assoc. 1993, 416-422Sherwood, NE Mary Story, M., and Obarzanek, E., Correlates of Obesity in African-American Girls An Overview, Obesity Research 123S-6S, 2004Wardle J Brodersen NH Cole TJ Jarvis MJ Boniface DR, knowledge of adiposity in adolescence five-year longitudinal study of an ethnically and socio-economically diverse prototype of young people in Britain. British Medical Journal,, 2006 332(7550)1130-5Williams, S.,  Overweight at age 21 the association with body mass index in childhood and adolescence and parents body mass index, International Journal of  Obesity link up Metabolic Disorders  2001,  Volume 25, Issue 2, pp 158-63

Advertising Planning and Implementationn

Running Head ADVERTISING PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION publicize Planning and effectuation Melanie Boggs September 14, 2011 MKT/447 Jeffery Manning University of Phoenix Advertising Planning and Implementation This paper focuses on the key elements of Pepsis publicise project and how put that plan into action affects consumer behaviors. What the advertising center says to the consumers should match up with the reception the company expects to receive.Many aspects of the plan includes it target audience, consumer behavior, billet, media outlets, and the creation of the give outment. These elements make up the layout for the plan to be put into place for actions to be taken by the consumers. The advertising meat is the strategies used to convey what a company wants to say and how it wants to say it (Arens, Weigold, Arens, 2008). This meat also is known as the cognitive content strategy. Achieving the goal is meeting the message objective. Ads must portray the image necessar y to achieve the message strategy.The agencies germinal team must issue forth up with a plan that agrees with the target, crop, media, and message of the ad (Arens, Weigold, &038 Arens, p 374, 2008). Pepsis advertising messages of its impudent ad campaigns tells consumers that the crossway is still alive and in competition with Coke-Cola. The creatives of the ad must translate the target audience for which the ads argon fashioned. Advertisers and marketers target audiences through class. Some of these types of sectionalisation ar demographic, geographic, geodemographic, psychographic, behavioral, benefit, and volume.Many ads combine a mix of these to reach consumers through disparate levels of segmentation. Demographic segmentation targets consumers on the basis of age, sex, ethnicity, education, occupation, income, and other quantifiable factors (Arens, Weigold, Arens, p 174, 2008). Geodemographic segmentation is targeting on the basis of loyalty to a brand from the begin of a demographic influence, such as the Dancing Teddy commercial. geographical segmentation targets a specific area, such as country, state, city, or providence, and its surface (Dancing Santa).Psychographic segmentation is on the basis of values, personalities, attitudes, and lifestyles, such as the new Pepsi ads matched nature (Arens, Weigold, &038 Arens, p 177, 2008). Behavioral segmentation is on the basis of obtain behavior. These include user status, usage rate, procure occasion, and benefit sought (Arens, Weigold, &038 Arens, p 170, 2008). Benefit segmentation targets consumers through ads on the basis of high quality, meek cost, status, sex appeal, good taste, or health thought (Arens, Weigold, &038 Arens, p 173, 2008).Volume segmentation is the basis on how often consumers use the harvest-festival. However, Pepsis new commercials do fit a mix of these segmentations. Consumer behaviors are the mental and emotional processes and the animal(prenominal) activities of people who purchase and use goods and services to satisfy secernateicular call for and wants (Arens, Weigold, &038 Arens, p 145, 2008). Advertisings primary goal is to reach potential difference consumers, and influence their awareness, attitudes, and buying behaviors (Arens, Weigold, &038 Arens, p 145, 2008).Understanding the buying behavior of the audience help in visualizeing which segment to target. Just as, understanding the audience helps understand the buying behavior. Pepsis decision to stay out of commercials for the past collar years has given the company plenty of ammunition a solvest its largest competitor Coke-Cola. perspective refers to the place a brand occupies competitively in the minds of the consumers. Positioning reflects the consumers perceptions around the product whether it is true or not.Through differentiation or market strategy a company may pick a position standardized to a competitor and fight for its market. The seven approaches to positioning s trategies are product attribute, price or quality, use or application, product class, product user, product competitor, cultural symbol, and by category (Arens, Weigold, &038 Arens, p 241, 2008). Pepsis past positions accept played from one or more than of these strategies. PepsiCos current positioning strategy depends on which current advertisement is seen by viewers.These commercials named Summer succession is Pepsi clipping (product attribute), Dancing Santa (cultural symbol), Uncle Teddy (product competitor), and the reexamine Project (product user). Many types of advertising media exists, such as magazines, newspapers, e-zines, online newspapers, television, radio, Internet, cell phones, and others. PepsiCo uses every type of advertisement feasible to reach its target audiences. PepsiCo also sponsors events, and has its name on Jeff Gordons railway car in NASCAR.At events PepsiCo allows vendors to campaign their products through handing out free samples and memorabilia. Pepsis Refresh Project is only viewable from the Internet. This advertising campaign medium is eyeshot to attract more serious consumers who may vote on a project or do one to obtain votes for PepsiCo to sponsor, to help get up communities worldwide. PepsiCo is advertising Pepsi via newspapers, the Internet, television, and radio. PepsiCo also uses the cases these are in to advertise. For example, the new Pepsi 12 packs advertise for The X Factor, a new talent show.The changes one flush toilet make to the product positioning and the advertising message are to create messages that are as universal as the product. Pepsi products sell in more than 180 countries worldwide. The new Summer Time is Pepsi Time campaign ads are also very competitive with Coke-Cola commercials. The use of such ads is extremely perilous to the company for consumers may begin to reckon the company is desperate for consumers to purchase its products. Especially, because these commercials are the first for Pepsi in three years.Researching how these advertisements were created, one is led to believe that PepsiCo outsources its agencies. BBDO was the agency for PepsiCo since 1960. The agency that has replaced BBDO is also owned by Omnicom. This is the office of TBWA/Chiat/Day, and is part of the TBWA Worldwide unit of Omnicom, Los Angeles (Stuart, 2008). yeastys in charge of the Summer Time is Pepsi Time ads are Chief Creative Officer Rob Schwartz, Group Creative Director Brett Craig, Creative Director Xanthe Hohalek, Art Director Chris MacNeil, and Copywriter Michelle Lewis, according to Emma Bazilian of Adweek.One may not believe that this would be an effective use of company resources because Pepsi has stated to refrain from advertising the product on television to avoid targeting a younger audience. For three years PepsiCo opts for the Internet, events, sponsors, and in-store advertising as a manner to promote its products instead and allow healthier choices to be advertised on t elevision. Other than its competition, consumers are left to wonder what has made the product come concealment to television, and if there will be a Superbowl ad to timbre forward too.Consumers may agree after three years Pepsi should stool come back to television using its greatest asset, its loyal consumers to promote the product. To make the campaign more effective the product could set about entered back into the commercials using less competitive ads and focusing more on the consumers who already enjoy the product or through behavioral segmentation. The company should have declared to the press the reason for the sudden change of health consciousness with the decision to advertise on television, and its decision to use ads that will gain the attention of the younger generations that have been avoided in the past.This will also create a better understanding of consumer behaviors toward the product, without the influence of the suggestive ads, whether negative, or positive. C reating an advertisement that could be understood universally, without depicting the specific product would have been an smooth way for the product to enter back into commercials. Press releases, newspaper articles, e-articles and e-zines, and speeches are ways that PepsiCo could have announced its decision to begin making new commercials for the product. ConclusionUnderstanding the advertising message, target audience, consumer behavior, media sources, positioning, who creates the ad and why, are part of the advertising plan and lay out the actions necessary to carry out the ad successfully. Pepsis new Summer Time is Pepsi Time commercials are the first in three years to be advertised on television. The depiction of this back end be relayed to the target audiences without the use of its main competition. References Arens, Weigold, &038 Arens (2008). modern Advertising. McGraw-Hill. Retrieved portentous 23, 2011, from http//ecampus. phoenix. edu Bazilian, E. July 1, 2011) AdWeek . Ad of the Day Pepsi Coke lover Santa Claus goes rogue in the first new Pepsi spot in three years. Retrieved August September 13, 2011, from http//www. adweek. com/news/advertising-branding/ad-day-pepsi-133128 Stuart, E. (Nov. , 18, 2008). NY Times. Pepsi Shifts to New Ad Agency. Retrieved September 12, 2011, from http//www. nytimes. com/2008/11/18/business/media/18adco. html Pepsi Commercials. Ads and More. Pepsi. com. Retrieved September 12, 2011, from, http//www. youtube. com/pepsi? utm_source=pepsi&038utm_medium=banner&038utm_content=panel&038utm_campaign=refresh

Harm the Environment of Air Pollution

HARM THE ENVIRONMENT OF AIR POLLUTION 1. Harm to gentlemans gentleman health and animal living on earth Air defilement on the tender-hearted body and animals primarily via the respiratory tract as well as direct cause on the eyes and sputter of the body. They cause diseases such as suffocation, acute pulmonary edema, a subdue of irritating contaminants for coughs, asthma, tuberculosis, lung cancer, causing bitter tears, cause allergies, itching onskin, urticaria, rock candy dust and asbestos dust causes lung Are some of the most dangerous give vent pollutants cause cancer.The impact of pollutants on respiratory strong or weak, in part dependent on their solubility in water. If contaminants are oil-soluble in water when the ambiance we breathe, we pass on dissolve the liquid in the standard pressureways and impact on the agency. Nature into the lungs of a variety of pollutants has been linked to the bearing of the aerosol in the air. Normally these contaminants do not p ass over sibylline into the trachea and bronchi, but thanks to the aerosol absorption which can penetrate deeper in the lungs and until the alveoli.Environmental befoulment of air increased the proportion of battalion suffering from respiratory disease (pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis), lower respiratory disease (pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis), neurodegenerative diseases, diseasesheadaches, middle disease, skin diseases, eye diseases and allergies. In environments where the air is more polluted as the proportion of infected adults. In general, animal husbandry and wildlife are slight to air pollution is greater than man. In some major industrial countries, some animals have perished because of environmental pollution. . Harm to the plant Most of these pollutants in ambient air have indecent effects to plants, causing adverse effects for agriculture and horticulture. Expression is making slow crop development, peculiarly photochemical smog has caused great harm to the vege tables lettuce, peas, rice, corn, fruit trees and other retinuelan. The components of environmental pollution in the air as sulfuro SO2, HF hydrogen fluoride, sodium chloride, NaCl, the vaporisation or dust from the manufacture of copper, lead, zinc, dying in particular the gas coming from the lime kiln, hand-baked bricks, even if their concentration is low too slows the growth of plants, high concentrations of gold leaf work, as fruits are flat, cracked, was punched and higher(prenominal) levelthe fruit and leaves were falling, necrotic. The type of rock dust clinging to tree leaves umteen also affect plant growth because of reduced chlorophyll circumscribe of the process of plant photosynthesis. These plants have flower buds turned down on the ground are less affected by dust pollution than plants with flower buds to the sky.However, there are pollutants is good for plants, is to enhance plant growth, curiously for algae such as phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon. 3. Damage t o the material In general, air pollution has negative effects, materials, textures and furniture and pervertd equipment immediately. The air pollutants such as SO2, H2SO4, chloride, the sol air make steel rust and damage the weld metal and construction materials quickly. Therefore, reducing the life and works to rush along up repairs.The stones used in construction will be disgraced if the air contains more carbonic acid gas because the CO2 is high humidity will combine with moisture to form carbonic acid H2CO3, we causti city,forming long kale trench on the rocks. The copper oxide pollutants, sulfur oxides have negative effects for textiles, paper and leather. With the advent of supersonic aircraft noise pollution has caused a really dangerous aircraft. The supersonic blast emits the sound (sound bombs) with high pressure in excess of 100 N/m2.The explosion sound is capable of mental synthesis structural damage such as broken windows. 4. The effects of pollution on climate Environmental pollution of air without adversely touching the climate of the region but also affect global climate. touch on the global climate is reflected in the formation of the greenhouse effect of CO2 levels, global temperatures increase, raising sea levels or the ozone hole phenomenon, umbrella protects life onEarth from ultraviolet shaft from the sun destroy here(predicate) are some of the effects of pollution on local climate. a. exalted temperatures Daily minimum temperature in urban areas than rural high approximately 2 5oC and mean annual temperature is generally higher than 0. 5 to 1. 3 oC. It is caused by fuel combustion and the production process by the method of processing large amounts of heat radiating heat already in the atmosphere, and surface area of ?? uildings, roads, yards occupy much, they draw picturessolar surface has more trees in the countryside. On the other hand, vacuum thermal evaporation in the city less than in rural areas. In contrast, the re lative humidity of the air in cities than in rural low 2-8%. b. Reduced solar radiation and increase the cloud The smoke dust, smog pollution of urban air absorption effect from 10 to 20% of solar radiation and reducing visibility, ie reducing the transparency of the atmosphere.The dust, the aerosol produced by the operation, traffic and human activity released into the air can create condensation nuclei of water vapor in the atmosphere. Water vapor deposition in urban areas is lots greater in rural areas from 50 to 10%. Based on the scientific and technical achievements today humans can actively gibe a variation in climate as methods of reducing staged fog at the airport, making artificial rain, meltHurricane

Boot Options for PC

The forward-looking hurry Options menu appears when a user presses F8 as Windows is loading. turned There is no option for net spend a pennying access when utilise well(p) ordain False A Windows 7 formation repair disc great deal be created using the Backup and Restore utility. True As you work to solve a Windows business, always choose the method that makes the most changes to the system as possible in put up to rejuvenate the machine. False The Telnet communications protocol encrypts transmitted data, which therefore potbelly non be read by others on the network.False When using static IP addressing, software automatically configures the network connection on each device. false Wireless networks are either public, unsecured hotspots or private, secured hotspots. true When connecting to a private and secured wireless access point, you must hand over the information that proves you have the right to use the network. true A problem with virtual networks is that data trans mitting through them can non be encrypted and therefore is not secure. false Which program is responsible for reading motherboard settings and running the POST?inauguration BIOS What is the name of the program that reads the settings in the Boot signifier Data (BCD) load and manages the initial startup of the OS? Windows Boot Manager Which program is utilise to start the part of the Win32 subsystem that displays graphics? Smss. exe Which option should be enabled in order to view what did and did not load during the put forwardup? Boot Logging It is important to hear the ____early in the troubleshooting session before it is overwritten. Last Known Good Configuration Which Windows RE tool is considered to be the least intrusive?Startup jam Which Windows RE tool should be apply if you suspect the hard deal is corrupted? Command Prompt Name the Windows RE rule that can be used to manage hard sits, segmentations, and volumes. Diskpart Which diskpart command is used to clear u p any partition or volume information from the selected disk? nifty Which of the following Windows RE commands can be used to scan for Windows installations not stored in the BCD? bootrec /scanOS Which key should be pressed during the boot in order to display the Advanced Boot Options?F8 Which of the following keys will cause the Windows Boot Manager to appear as long as it is pressed during the boot process? Spacebar What should be the first thing to try if the hard drive is not spinning at startup? check power connections and switches Which command is used to check and repair the hard drive? chkdsk c/r Which of the following symptoms might indicate that the MBR record is damaged? Invalid partition table error The command ____ searches for and replaces corrupted system files. sfc /scannow WinLoad loads into depot the ___ but does not start it yet.Kernal Use the ____ with Networking option when you are resolving a problem with booting and need access to the network to solve the p roblem. Safe mode _____is a lean OS that can be used to solve Windows startup problems after other tools available on the Advanced Boot Options menu have failed to solve the problem. Windows RE When you load Windows in Safe Mode, all files used for the load are recorded in the ____file. Ntbtlog ____ mode gives you the opportunity to move system boot logs from a impuissance computer to another computer for evaluation. Debugging What is the name of a 32-bit or 128-bit summate that is used to identify a device?

Addicted to Food? Essay

Obesity and over take in ar developing problems in America today. In this bind by Oliver Grimm, he cited studies that invent that in 2000 112,000 deaths were take a crapd by obesity. There is also evidence that up to 1/3 of the US population whitethorn be considered overweight or grievous. These numbers be startling and the root of this problem is under lifelike debate and scientific inquiry.  This search by scientist has led to many discoveries and theories down why some plenty be unable to check out their eating habits or their weight. One question that this article attempts to address is Is overeating and addiction to food similar to drug addiction and what role does body alchemy play?.Hormones are the regulators of the human body. There is much current inquiry being aimed at these chemicals within the body and especially how they affect principal chemistry and maybe even habit-forming doingss. Dopamine is one endocrine gland that has been examined in both d rug addicts and obese individual. Dopamine produces a reenforce sensation in the brain when we get something we want or when we are surprised.There is some explore that says that drug addicts and obese individuals tend to know fewer dopamine receptors in the brain. This may cause them to have the recommend to continue consuming food or drugs beyond a commonplace need. With fewer receptors, the brain may continue to look for moods to englut itself. Research the author cited pointed to rats that were denied dopamine soon would not eat anything. other chemical that may prove to be important in battle the obesity pandemic and drug addiction is leptin. This internal secretion has been shown to curb hurt when it is released from adipose (fat) cells where it eventually reached the hypothalamus. Lab animals deprived of this chemical soon became obese. This hormone may provide a vital link in service severely obese people control their eating. If individuals have a faulty feedba ck mechanism or a lack of production of leptin, this may cause them to want to eat more.Other areas to be explored are how certain part of the brain react to addiction, satiety and pleasure. Areas of the brain that have been researched that Mr. Grimm examines are the corpus amygdaloideum and the orbitofrontalis(OFC). The amygdale seems to have some involvement in our response to food or drugs when we are hungry for them. It does not seem to be activated as much when we have taken in food or drugs. The OFC is for the most part thought of as an area of the brain that helps us to maintain rational behavior and use good judgment. This area may be run differently in addicts.The author says that diet, exercise and lifestyle are the outperform ways to live healthy and control weight. His view however, is that all research cited shows. the brain processes stimuli related to eating in much the same way that it does to other addictive stimuli(Grimm, 2007).  For us to have a better discernment of why certain people find it so hard to control their weight we may have to look more at addictive behaviors and the research that has been conducted. For all their differences, drug addiction and obesity seem to be two sides of the same coin. (Grimm, 2007)2)      What are you being asked to believe in this article?In Mr. Grimms article we asked to believe that 9.1% of medical expenditures if for overweight and obese patients. We are also asked to believe that one-third of the US population may be overweight or obese according to studies. Overweight is delineate a having a body mass index greater than 25. only when put, body mass index is your weight divided by your height. We are asked to believe that obesity and being overweight are at epidemic proportions in this country.We are also being asked to believe that much of a individuals behavior when it comes to addiction and food exercise in obese individuals may be directly related to the perso ns brain chemistry or factors affecting it. While the author agrees that at that place are many factors in a healthy lifestyle and behavior control, much of the article deals with research that says that hormones, brain function and chemical exertion are huge contributors in how a person reacts to stimuli.Leptin and dopamine are seen as avenues that may steer to breakthroughs in the area of obesity. Areas of the brain such(prenominal) as the amygdala and the OFC are seen as possible areas that may lead to a better understanding of cravings and addictions.I believe that the main cerebration that the author is trying to convey is that drug addiction and food consumption are very closely related. We are asked to consider that a person who is obese may be in a similar troth as a drug addict. The article says that drugs that help drug addicts may also help us to treat severe obesity. Again we are asked to parallel the two dilemmas and weigh their relevance to one another. It is hard for people to associate obesity with drug addiction, but Mr. Grimm would like us depend otherwise and keep an open mind to the possibility of research in drug addiction that could lead to breakthroughs in obesity and weight management.