The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Sales and Business

The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Sales and Business Charles M. Boliko EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This paper explores the impact of emotional intelligence in the business world. In a world that continues to innovate technologically, businesses are constantly looking for new ways to try to remain ahead of the competition, and it is clarified with this paper that one way to do this is by understanding how to use emotional intelligence to establish customer loyalty and good brand appeal.The interaction between a salesman and a potential client was analyzed and discussed to develop an understanding of how a salesman can use emotional intelligence to maximize the chances of making a deal with the client. Customer service in businesses was also a focal point of discussion. The conclusion that came to fruition was how good customer service must co-exist with emotional intelligence for a company to be successful. It has been determined from this essay that emotional intelligence has become an i ndispensable factor for success in business.Cherry (2012) explains an individual with the ability to perceive, evaluate, and control their emotions and the emotions of others is considered to be emotionally intelligent. Having the ability to recognize emotions and responding to them appropriately will make another individual feel understood. This sense of understanding helps establish a connection between individuals, who will then find it easier to relate with one another. In today’s world of sales, having the ability to connect with someone on an emotional level can be the difference between making a sale and losing the customer’s interest.Sales are part of the marketing process, in which salesmen and saleswomen proceed with offering a company’s product to potential buyers. This can only be done after marketing research has been conducted to segment and identify which customers are most likely to buy the product. This target group of customers is likely to beh ave a certain way, and have certain lifestyle preferences. So it is the responsibility of the Sales team to convince the customer that the product they are offering suits their lifestyle and meets their needs, based on the knowledge gathered about them. It can be said that the customer’s main need is to be satisfied with a roduct or service: they want to be happy. So the salesman with emotional intelligence and knowledge obtained about the customer from marketing research is more likely to respond appropriately to these customer needs. The emotionally intelligent salesman will be more successful with sales and hence improve his business. There are plenty of articles and training programs now that help salesmen and saleswomen develop their emotional intelligence to improve their sales performance. The results are made clear in an article written by Jennings and Palmer (2007), titled â€Å"Enhancing Sales Performance Through Emotional Intelligence Development†.The author s conclude emotional intelligence is positively correlated with sales performance, after an experiment was conducted. In the experiment, two groups’ performances were observed, with one group being under the emotional intelligence development program. The results showed that the performances of the group under the development program improved, with Chart 3 demonstrating how revenues generated by this group increased from the start of the project, and how these revenues were much greater than the amount generated by the second group.This again demonstrates that salesmen with greater emotional intelligence should be more successful with sales. Therefore, emotional intelligence has become an indispensable trait that enables salesmen and saleswomen to become more successful. Body language is a key component in non-verbal communication. In Sales, a salesman should be aware of the message being conveyed through body language as well, because the potential buyer might be conveying i nterest or disinterest. These signs are important for the success of a sale because salesmen who are socially aware will know how to respond to these signals and act accordingly.A good salesman would have various strategies to respond to given signs, increasing the probability of a successful sale. Failing to respond to the customer appropriately can almost guarantee the salesperson has failed to make a sale. Goman (2012) posted an article on Forbes titled â€Å"Knowing When to Back Off† describing an interaction she was observing between a salesman and a potential client in a bar. In a short paragraph she talks about how the salesman appeared to be doing well verbally, but he was putting the client in an uncomfortable position by sitting too close to him.The client began to inch away very slowly, and the salesman did not notice any of this. The client eventually ended up leaving the bar after excusing himself to make a phone call. The salesman failed to understand the client ’s basic need of personal space, which cost him the sale. Had the salesman recognized the non-verbal message being sent by the client, the client may have stayed. So it can be seen that developing this social awareness with emotional intelligence and understanding the needs of the customer become very important for the success of a salesman.The salesman would have to know about how to react to the emotion and message being conveyed with body language and control these emotions in order to lead the dialogue in the direction which hopefully leads to a sale. Companies with good customer service are considered more successful because of their ability to offer the customer exactly what they need, and more. Offering the customer what they need creates loyalty, meaning the same customers can return to the company for more services and purchases. Returning customers, in addition to new customers, would increase sales, which improve the business.The fact remains that the company has t o be able to satisfy the customers in order to be able to retain them. In order to do this, they must offer good customer service, which is done by listening to what the customer needs, responding to them and providing a solution which meets those needs. The extent to which the company is able to do this would determine the satisfaction of the customer. Emotional intelligence is therefore evident in good customer service because a sales associate in a retail firm, for example, is exposed to a wide range of personalities when preparing to assist a customer.The customer could be normal, angry, very rude, uneducated, highly emotional, or apathetic, so the sales associate will need to know how to respond to these various personalities in order to consistently provide great customer service. Understanding the right way to respond to these different personalities will help customers meet their needs at the store, which would generates sales, given customer service is provided the right wa y. This would ultimately lead to the company’s success. The associate’ ability to properly interact with a customer affects the reputation of the entire organization the associate works for.The sales associate must to have good emotional intelligence, which leads to excellent customer service. The key components which make up good customer service are similar to the traits of an individual who is emotionally intelligent, so for the success of a service, the emotional intelligence and good customer service must co-exist. The two characteristics of emotional intelligence that Horrigan (2012) explains in his article â€Å"Characteristics of Emotional Intelligence† which are most useful for offering good customer service are empathy and social skill.Not only should a sales associate be able to understand and empathize with a customer’s situation and need, the associate should be able to go beyond what was required to help the customer avoid dealing with certa in issues again. By leading the dialogue with customers in this manner, the associate earns trust from the customers, which improves customer loyalty with a company, which also affects the reputation of the organization. Companies with a better reputation are able to attract more customers, therefore increase sales. Apple Inc. , for example was placed first on CNN Money’s 2011 â€Å"World’s Most Admired Companies† list.The company was ranked third on MSN’s â€Å"2012 Customer Service Hall of Fame†, which is the highest rank for a firm in the retail industry in the United States. These rankings speak volumes about the kind of reputation Apple Inc. was able to establish. They are recognized for their innovation and for exceptional customer service. With the help of some competent, emotionally intelligent sales associates and the assistance provided by members of the Genius Bar, Apple Inc. was able to establish a massive customer base, because of thei r ability to actively meet the needs of the customers.As we can see with Apple Inc. , good customer service leads to customer loyalty and trust which leads to the success of the organization. This fact is confirmed in a Forbes article, written by Bickle (2012), a Forbes Inc. article contributor, titled â€Å"Three Attributes of Enormously Successful Companies†. Having established that great customer service and emotional intelligence must co-exist, and good customer service leads to company success, it can be said that emotional intelligence also leads to the success of an organization.Emotionally intelligent salesmen provide the kind of services that a customer is looking for (which varies for every customer), ultimately improving their sales performance, hence positively affecting the success of a business. In conclusion, emotional intelligence has become a key factor for the success of salesmen and businesses. There is a greater focus on establishing a connection with a cu stomer, in order to better understand and help the customer meet their need.A salesman or sales associate at a retail company needs to be empathetic and have the social skills required for creating this connection, and this new relationship creates customer trust and loyalty. This new found trust maximizes the chances of making a sale, which helps the business grow. Salesmen with emotional intelligence will have better sales performances, and emotionally intelligent businesses will offer the right customer service to satisfy the customer. Therefore, it can be seen that emotional intelligence has become an indispensable factor for success in Business.Works Cited Cherry, K. , (2012). What is Emotional Intelligence? Retrieved from http://psychology. about. com/od/personalitydevelopment/a/emotionalintell. htm Jennings, S. , Palmer, B. (2007, May). Enhancing Sales Performance Through Emotional Intelligence Development. Organizations & People, 14. Retrieved from http://www. bostonifi. com /bif/site/bfin/enhancing_sale_bfei. pdf Goman, C. , (2011, August 5). Knowing When to Back Off. Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/sites/carolkinseygoman/2011/08/05/knowing-when-to-back-off/ Horrigan, D. (2011, June 24). Characteristics of Emotional Intelligence. Retrieved from http://www. cio. com. au/article/391355/characteristics_emotional_intelligence/ CNN Money, (2011, March 21). World’s Most Admired Companies. Retrieved from http://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2011/full_list/ Aho, K. , (2012). 2012 Customer Service Hall of Fame. Retrieved from http://money. msn. com/investing/2012-customer-service-hall-of-fame-1 Bickle, M. , (2012, April 24). Three Attributes of Enormously Successful Companies. Retrieved from

The Soldier – Rupert Broke

â€Å"The Soldier† is a sonnet-type poem composed by a First World War veteran and also a war poet named Rupert Brooke. This sonnet finds a soldier speculating about his possible death as we goes away to war, which he feels should not be mourned, but understood as part of a selfless tribute to his much-loved England. This poem was written as the First World War broke out in 1914, as part of a series of many sonnets written by Rupert Brooke. Patriotism is a true form of love.It is a form of love which is pure, yet which has the ability to rage fire for the sake of itself. It is the form of love which is unconditional, immense, true and real for one's land, one's true mother. Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in a spectacular way in this poem. The poem encompasses the memories of a fallen soldier who declares his patriotism to his homeland by stating that his sacrifice shall be the eternal ownership of England. It also deals with the death and accomplishments of a soldi er.In the opening lines Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in such a forceful expression that he considers the sand in which he would be buried, be it a foreign land, will become an English sand, the richness of which will further be increased by the fertility of an English body of a passionately patriotic soul. The idea of an unnamed â€Å"corner of a foreign field† where the soldier will be buried speaks of the unsung and anonymous nature of death in war. Yet the notion that this small space will â€Å"forever† be part of England elevates the sacrifice the soldier makes— as if he has in a small way conquered this land.The soft alliteration here lends these opening lines a subdued tone. He goes on to say that England was his birth place and it shaped what kind of person he became. It influenced his thoughts and beliefs. England taught him about love, loyalty, and honor. His soul will be immortal, because he fought for England. The association and inclin ation of his mind and body towards his country is vigorously explained when he claims to create an English land, of an English body, bore by England, brought up by England and educated and fed by England, in the land he will be buried.The poet also emphasizes on England’s abundance and pastoral beauty as a kind gift. He refers to himself as a child who grew up under the English sunshine; bathe in the English rivers, breathing the fresh air of the English countryside and whose destiny is shaped by the nation itself. His death is justified, because he died for England. His evil deeds don't matter anymore, because he did what was right; he fought for his country. Whatever evil things he had done will be forgiven as he died while defending his motherland.His preceding desire is for all present and future generations to think that his heart is reconciled to the good of his country with no evil intentions hidden, but a lively mind in the afterlife which will project the fondest tho ughts given by England. His death allows him to only remember the good things about England. It also allows for someone else to come and take his place. He is passing on all the dreams and thoughts that England taught him onto the next generation of soldier; so that he can fight with as much heart and honor as he did. The soldier lists all the wonderful experiences that the soldier has gained from England.These pleasant thoughts and memories will be given back to God as the soldier becomes one with Him. The sights and sounds that are experienced by the poet in his younger days and the boyhood dreams that are as clear as the day, the laughter of youth from the circle of friends and that gentleness of heart, whose soul will rest in peace under an English heaven. The poem ends with a startling proposition— the soldier finds rest and peace at last in heaven, but heaven has been transformed by the thoughts and memories that the soldier has given to God.This heaven is now â€Å"an English heaven†: the connection with England will remain forever unbroken. The sonnet’s turn from an idyllic or idealized vision of England to the idea of a transcendent and literally heavenly England is complete. These final lines are showing the happiness that England has given him. And because he fought for England he will forever be at peace in an English heaven with only good thoughts and laughter in his heart. The plot of this poem reinforces its meaning because it deals with death and love.These are two powerful things that evoke feeling in people. It helps to create an image in the poem of a man who is very brave and would do anything for his country. The meaning in the poem is straightforward. The author dedicates the poem to death and love. QESTION Q. Describe the way Rupert Brooke feels about England. What does he mean by â€Å"a richer dust†? Answer: â€Å"The Soldier† is a sonnet-type poem composed by a First World War veteran and also a war poet named Rupert Brooke.This sonnet finds a soldier speculating about his possible death as we goes away to war, which he feels should not be mourned, but understood as part of a selfless tribute to his much-loved England. This poem was written as the First World War broke out in 1914, as part of a series of many sonnets written by Rupert Brooke. Patriotism is a true form of love. It is a form of love which is pure, yet which has the ability to rage fire for the sake of itself. It is the form of love which is unconditional, immense, true and real for one's land, one's true mother.Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in a spectacular way in this poem. The poem encompasses the memories of a fallen soldier who declares his patriotism to his homeland by stating that his sacrifice shall be the eternal ownership of England. Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in such a forceful expression that he considers the sand in which he would be buried, be it a foreign land, will beco me an English sand, the richness of which will further be increased by the fertility of an English body of a passionately patriotic soul.The idea of an unnamed â€Å"corner of a foreign field† where the soldier will be buried speaks of the unsung and anonymous nature of death in war. Yet the notion that this small space will â€Å"forever† be part of England elevates the sacrifice the soldier makes— as if he has in a small way conquered this land. He goes on to say that England was his birth place and it shaped what kind of person he became. It influenced his thoughts and beliefs. England taught him about love, loyalty, and honor. His soul will be immortal, because he fought for England.The association and inclination of his mind and body towards his country is vigorously explained when he claims to create an English land, of an English body, bore by England, brought up by England and educated and fed by England, in the land he will be buried. The poet also emph asizes on England’s abundance and pastoral beauty as a kind gift. He refers to himself as a child who grew up under the English sunshine; bathe in the English rivers, breathing the fresh air of the English countryside and whose destiny is shaped by the nation itself. His death is justified, because he died for England.His evil deeds don't matter anymore, because he did what was right; he fought for his country. Whatever evil things he had done will be forgiven as he died while defending his motherland. His preceding desire is for all present and future generations to think that his heart is reconciled to the good of his country with no evil intentions hidden, but a lively mind in the afterlife which will project the fondest thoughts given by England. He is passing on all the dreams and thoughts that England taught him onto the next generation of soldier; so that he can fight with as much heart and honor as he did.The sights and sounds that are experienced by the poet in his y ounger days and the boyhood dreams that are as clear as the day, the laughter of youth from the circle of friends and that gentleness of heart, whose soul will rest in peace under an English heaven. The soldier finds rest and peace at last in heaven, but heaven has been transformed by the thoughts and memories that the soldier has given to God. This heaven is now â€Å"an English heaven†: the connection with England will remain forever unbroken. The sonnet’s turn from an idyllic or idealized vision of England to the idea of a transcendent and literally heavenly England is complete.These final lines are showing the happiness that England has given him. As he fought for England he will forever be at peace in an English heaven with only good thoughts and laughter in his heart. The poet indicates himself by the word â€Å"a richer dust†. He says that the richness of the foreign land where he will die will be enriched by the fertility of an English body of a passiona tely patriotic soul. This poem deals with the death and accomplishments of a soldier. The author dedicates the poem to death and love.

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Case Study BA - Essay Example Few widely known facts about the terminal 5 are: Information Systems employed by BAA seems to have incorporated great ideas but they forgot to actually implement the ideas. They had ample car parks and had segregated car parking spaces for public and staff but people and staff could not find the car parks and spent lot of time trying to look for parking spaces. The problem being, the details of parking spaces (no. of slots, in use, empty etc.) were not updated in the information system database and were not displayed at appropriate places for people to see. One of the biggest faults in their system was that the staff at baggage handling and sorting section were not able to log on to their computers. This affected both incoming and outgoing baggage. The security checkpoints were not updated to the staff. There were no maps or location guidelines. Search facility was not ready for both staff and passengers. As far as the methodical preparations for terminal 5 are concerned, BA Authority did have some Information Systems in place. However, the Information System was highly ineffective. The reasons for it being ineffective may be incompetent people in the IT management team, lack of exposure of IT engineers with regard to such a large scale implementation as was terminal 5 of Heathrow airport or any other. The ineffectiveness of the Information Systems can be realized due to the following problems that occurred in terminal 5 on the very first day of its opening. Car Parks and parking spaces were not well managed. No software was employed to keep track of full and available parking spaces. Designated car parks for staff were not available and there were no sign board or any other means to locate the car parks due to which public and the staff spent lot of time looking for parking spaces. There was no signage at any place in the terminal. The terminal should have been equipped with monitors displaying the map of

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Jazz music concert - Essay Example Jack Jones jazz band among others. As usual, the weekend of 27th June was no exceptional, Jack Jones band was competing with a new band in town called Ron Carter trio band. Both bands are led by Jack and Carter respectively. Jones performed some of his newly composed music jazz genre, and he tried convince the whole crowd why he wanted his band to be recognised the best band in jazz music. His music was well orchestrated and organised with most of the instrument tuned to their right tune, played in the right keys and rhythm. Indeed Jones band members tried to remain on the right keynotes always throughout the music play. However, there rose a problem when the saxophone player went off key, perhaps it was because of a change of song since it was a three-music nonstop competition.Ron Carter trio band, led by Carter, was as well on its right step to fight for their best position in the whole arena of jazz music. The team was similarly organised with all the instruments arranged in a wel l-choreographed manner to produce the best synchronised music. Their lead soloist was well prepared, and it seemed all went well for the band until some few minute to end when the lead guitar man played an off key note resulting to the presentation to halt for some few minutes to correct the mistake before restarting.In comparing both the presentation, I can start with analysing the first presentation of Jones.It was only interfered with the slight discord that was played by the saxophone player.

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Magazine ad analysis - Essay Example Thus, designers pay meticulous attention to every minute detail of an image that the ad portrays, in order to ensure that it stays engraved in the viewers’ memory. The ad of Arby’s Burgers, appearing in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, which is appended as Annexure-I, is a relevant example that illustrates how creativity, aesthetics, color schemes, contextual nuances, enticing textual messages etc can be deftly aligned to enhance the appeal of an advertisement. This ad announces Arby’s plan to launch an â€Å"exciting† range of â€Å"new menu items† in the next March (Rovell). It functions on different levels to pique the interest of its audience and entice them into buying this product. The ad’s primary objective is to provide the intended audience with clear and specific information about the Roastburger, which is part of their new menu being launched. On the one hand, it conveys to them through textual messages that the burger is â⠂¬Å"exciting,† â€Å"done better,† â€Å"mouthwatering† and it will make them â€Å"drool† (Rovell). These are the most apt descriptions for the consumers to understand that Arby’s is offering a highly palatable food item. On the other hand, it uses the image also to give the consumers a vivid idea of the contents of the burger, by clearly showing green leaves, onion strings, big chunks of roasted meat, slices of tomato and cheese. Thus, the ad effectively integrates visual and textual communication methods to describe the product. In order for an ad to be effective, it should be able to sell the product or make the viewers buy the product. Arby’s ad uses various strategies to attain this objective. The crossed hands over the burger connotes to a woman covering her breasts. Thus, the ad is a definite eye catcher and has an instant appeal. The most primal sense that woman’s breast evokes in humans is hunger as breast milk is their first food. Thus, the ad has high contextual relevance and the audience can easily relate it with the product. Similarly, the textual messages in the ad directly link to the food item’s taste and, therefore, it will remain on the consumers’ subconscious mind long after they have viewed it. The words used in the textual message are highly alluring and the burger’s image also is indicative of its taste. Thus, through the manner in which it combines the immense possibilities of written and visual communication, the ad will definitely be able to lure its audience into buying the product. The ad relies heavily on the dexterous juxtaposition of color schemes to attain aesthetic beauty and create an impact on the audience. The background has a very light tone at the bottom and as it scales to the top, the hue is rendered darker because otherwise it would overemphasize the brown-yellow buns. Similarly, the color of the buns compliments the skin of the arms and thus makes the connotation to human breast conceivable. Further, by using darker hue around the thumb, the ad suggests depressions on the bun’s surface, to accentuate the softness of the bun. The burger’s filling begins with green and immediately contrasts with deep red, which gives it a catchy outlook. The color scheme then shifts to a brown tone of the roasted meat and softens out to the yellow of the cheese, which blends well with the color of the human hand and the bread. The deftness of the color scheme becomes evident even from such minute detail as the model’

Economic Objectives of the United States over the last three years Essay

Economic Objectives of the United States over the last three years - Essay Example Unfortunately, discretionary macroeconomic policies and a volatile environment of the US were closely related to awkward policies such as excessive government spending, high inflation, and an over-valued exchange rate render an economy prone to crisis. United States Government has always believed in broad consensus that exist on the utility of inflation-indexed or inflation linked bonds for which economists and policy makers make the sharing of risk between issuers of bonds and investors possible. In this context financial markets in the emerging market economies are deepened and when an emerging market government issues inflation-indexed bonds, this is seen as reducing the cost of educating the global investors regarding the benefits of these instruments. Though such policies in the past have reduced the co-ordination problems, but has left the most frequent areas devoid of discipline and these are the regulatory norms and supervisory structures. Today, the way the US is breathing a n unstable macroeconomic environment, these vulnerabilities of the financial sector readily spawn a crisis because of distortions in the real economy and serious macroeconomic policy.The macroeconomic policies or the economic crunch being witnessed for the last few years has not affected US military expenditure, since it has kept on increasing by 59 percent since 2001 and it is obvious that such increase reflects massive spending on military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, however it also includes increases in the ‘base’ defence budget.... Policies regarding public finance claims that only the most central, national government can successfully manage US economy's macro-economic swings and the resulting unemployment of labour and economic resources. The macroeconomics in this case does not held itself responsible for the inability to alleviate unemployment because it suggests that the mobility of factors of production in any economy and the inclination of a region's residents to spend their incomes on imported goods are responsible factors behind the raised unemployment rate (Inman & Rubinfield, 2001). Unemployment Compensation programs in the light of policies have been relatively modest in scale that has covered potential benefits during all these years of recession, however their duration is short and replacement rates are generally low. Recipiency rates are also relatively low (Vroman & Brusentsev, 2005: 145). The policies advice that many aspects of these programs highlight the association between inflation and Unemployment Compensation replacement rates without effective indexation provisions, high inflation would quickly erode the real value of monthly benefits (ibid). The main factor that explains why international trade and capital movements instead of other economical concerns have become a major concern of senior policymakers in the United States is the acceptance by all governments of responsibility for how well or poorly the domestic economy performs. The policymakers claim that the electorate's demand for a steady increase in the standard of living indicates that any policy that significantly affects domestic economic performance is an important variable in determining who is president and which party controls the

How Authentic Black English in White rappers lyrics Research Paper

How Authentic Black English in White rappers lyrics - Research Paper Example White rappers have been diluted by the African American dominance in the rap culture. Rap is an art articulated through the articulation of rhyming words rooted with deeper meanings within the lyrics. A lot of MCs have appeared in the past decades to nurture the reputation of rap culture, namely; Eminem, Tupac, Techn9ne, Rakeem, Dr Dre, Jay-Z among others (Mickey, 2009). Producing rhyming lyrics with influential messages is a difficult task to come up with. However, making an unplanned song to achieve rapid publicities is simple. Creating an insightful lyric is not easy. One has to pour his, or her, emotion, effort and thoughts into the lyrical content. Though, it is vital to comprehend the musical basis of the rap genre furthermore to its social importance, in order to really understand the artistic, political and social effect of rap as a movement. The Rap/Hip hop genre is one of the earliest music cultures in conventional pop music. The prevailing African-American musical arrangement has celebrated Vanilla accomplishment for years and with that victory he has experienced the presence of other non-black cultures. The success or rise of the white rapper is challenging to hint. Popular performances and rappers from the 1980s, such as Vanilla Ice achieved a lot of publicity in the 90’s however; his audience and music differed from his black counterparts such as Dr Dre. Vanilla Ice’s victory in the initial 1990s is possibly the best instance of a white rapper accomplishing conventional victory in the hip hop culture (THE Rhetorical, 2013). Nevertheless Vanilla Ice arrogation of MC Hammer steered to Vanilla Ice’s mockery and ridicule, particularly with the dawn of Gangsta Rap. This took almost a decade for another white rapper such as Eminem, who is currently the most well-known white rapper, to achieve conventional victory and approval of a predominately black enterprise. Vanilla Ice’s fame steered to the approval of

Criminal Technology from the Past into the Future Assignment

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Pancreatitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Internship report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Internship report - Essay Example The intern was also able to participate in market campaigns for the different products sold by Unilever. The intern performed duties such as communicating with agents and following up their progress in the market, emailing customers and sales agents, and helping in the daily activities of the department. The purpose of the internship was to expose the student to real life situations where one would be able to apply the theoretical principles learned in class. They were also expected to be creative and innovative and help the marketing department in designing market research and product promotion techniques. An intern was also supposed to apply reasoning and show high sense of responsibility. Marketing is both a theoretical and practical skill. After getting the theoretical concepts related to marketing and the market, it is important that someone gets access to a real market and apply the skills learned in class. This is very important and helps one to develop decision-making skills and get to know the challenges in marketing. This report covers the activities conducted by an intern during the internship period at Unilever Company. It covers what was accomplished during the internship period and the learning outcomes that were met during the internship period. This report also gives recommendations on what the company can implement to increase its sales and operations. It also gives tips that the company can adopt to give better internship to future interns. The report is basically based on the marketing of Dove and the related challenges as seen in the market. It gives the strategies used by Unilever to ensure high sales volume in their products. It also covers the str ategies used by Unilever to ensure that they compete favorably in the market. A number of marketing campaigns have been highlighted to show the activities the intern participated to boost sales and track

Plug-in Hybrid vs. Pure Electric Cars Research Essay Essay Example for Free

Plug-in Hybrid vs. Pure Electric Cars Research Essay Essay This world has prospered with gasoline cars since the late eighteen hundreds and nineteen hundreds. In fact, the world we live in today cannot stand without the benefits of gasoline-powered vehicular travel. Since the modernization of travel, the public can drive cars anywhere, including other countries, cities, streets, houses, or even backyards. The mass want of private automobiles has led to more drivers, then a huge amount of pollution, and then that familiar phrase: Global Warming. This is why we need a new alternative to the combustion engine, and there are very many ways to achieve this including plug-in cars and pure electric cars. But, to fully prevent Global Warming, our economy must run on pure clean energy. Plug-in hybrid cars have their benefits, including the ability to revert to an internal combustion engine when the battery dies, but pure-electric cars are the way to go because the battery has a much larger store of electricity and electric cars do not run on harmful gasoline; they run on clean energy. The pros of hybrid plug-in cars do not match the pros that the pure-electric car boasts. Although, there are some so-called experts who disprove this theory, and say that hybrid cars are the best way to go. A pro in the mind of Philip Dunn, a hybrid car advocate, is that â€Å"at higher speeds above forty miles per hour the gas motor kicks in and gives that peppy feel so many car owners look for when driving on the highway. † Another pro is that the hybrid car can â€Å"already get one-hundred mpg on fifty-five-mile trips using cobbled-together PHEVs,† (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) says Ben Hewitt, another advocate of hybrid cars. The hybrid vehicle also does not produce any Carbon-Dioxide from a stop, and does not produce any Carbon-Dioxide moving at less than under forty miles per hour. These pros, nonetheless, are better than a pure-gas engine, which compares with an average 21 mpg (estimation courtesy of EPA), and produces Carbon-Dioxide all of the time that it is running. But, these pros do not scratch the surface of the pure-electric car and its wonders. The cons of the plug-in car are various. The plug-in car costs â€Å"anywhere from three-thousand dollars to eight-thousand dollars more than conventional automobiles† (Watson), but these prices will go down as manufacturers start developing more hybrids and create more competition. Until there is more research, hybrids also use up the electric engine in under five-hundred uses, which leads to more money spent replacing the un-chargeable battery. Adding onto the list is the fact that hybrid cars will still use gasoline. In order to clean up Earth, hybrid plug-in cars and their problems shall not be created. Hybrid cars are also weighed down by both engines. The two engines also instigate the problem of maintaining two engines instead of one, which will make repair cost more than gas-powered cars in certain circumstances such as a car crash that damages both engines. Both pros and cons of the hybrid plug-in do not reach the level of pure electric cars. Few cons are tacked onto the pure electric car, but those few are important. Pure-electric cars cannot drive long distance road trips without being recharged. This can take up to three-and-a-half hours in some electric cars, which isn’t good for being late to work or a party. The beneficial trend toward more environmentally friendly vehicles has had the unintended effect of placing the blind and other pedestrians in danger, said Rep. Edolphus Towns (D-New York, 10th) in introducing The Pedestrian Safety Act of 2008 that would protect the blind from electric cars, which are silent. These cars are also pricy, with the Tesla Roadster reaching over one-hundred thousand dollars. These cons come with a reward, though. The pros of having a pure-electric vehicle are heavier than that of its cons. With an average of 220 mpc (miles per charge [based on EPA combined city/highway cycle]), the pure-electric car can cover the average daily driver’s commute and then some. The pure-electric Tesla Roadster can reach up to â€Å"125 mph and has a 0mph-60mph in less than 4 seconds† (Tesla Motors – Tesla Roadster). Also, whenever the brakes are used to stop, you charge the engine. Another thing is that, when stopped, the car does not consume any energy. All of this and zero-emissions boost the pure-electric car to the top of the list of daily drivers and high performance gas-guzzlers. Both types of car oust that of the gas-guzzlers on the road today. Although, to provide a cleaner and more-efficient future for Earth, humans must set aside fossil fuels and use clean electric energy, which a pure-electric car uses. The public cannot make a huge change into hybrid plug-ins and then switch to full electric power; just look at the Digital Television switch that has been postponed twice because people are too lazy to go out and get a free digital cable box. The people are slow to change, which means that in order to switch before humans destroy the world, humans must first change to pure-electric energy. If humans are ready to start the massive change to clean up Earth, those humans must first stop making a new mess. Works Cited Dunn, Philip. Hybrid Cars Pros and Cons. (2006) 4 Apr 2009 . Hewitt, Ben. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Cars: How Theyll Solve the Fuel Crunch. May 2007 4 Apr 2009 . Watson, Jerry. Hybrids pros and cons. (2005-2009) 4 Apr 2009 . http://www. teslamotors. com/performance/perf_specs. php Towns, Edolphus. Introduction of Pedestrian Safety Act of 2008, April 9th, 2008.

Famous Creative Thinkers Essay Example for Free

Famous Creative Thinkers Essay In this assignment there are several great creative thinkers to choose from for completion. After reading through the list James Hal Cone and Grace Hopper became the choices. The reasoning was these individuals were so different in their paths of success, or for better word accomplishments. Both are extraordinary people; however their journeys are profoundly different, however both are instrumental in worthy contributions in society and the world. Throughout this paper we will uncover and discover Cone and Hopper purpose, passion, and for one even pain. James Hal Cone was born August 5, 1938 in Fordyce Arkansas, to Charles and Lucy Cone. Early in Cone childhood he was introduced to religion and had a strong spiritual guidance. James was an intelligent child who went on to graduate from high school at age 16, at which time he became a minister. Cone beginnings started with being brought up in a segregated part of Arkansas, where people of color were discriminated against and treated unfairly. James early in life reflected upon the social injustices of the poor, blacks, and women. Cone took the treatment to heart early along with his religious background and became a minister at 16, starting to address the differences of treatment. During his early life at college he was a minister at several churches. However during his early period of college and ministry the civil rights movement started evolving and he noticed Martin Luther King. Through that introduction of Dr. King he realized his true direction was ministry and attended Theological Seminary getting a M.A. and Ph.D. James acquired four degrees in a seven year span, a man on a mission with an extraordinary mind. Two things directed Hal’s path pain of discrimination and coming to know Jesus. After graduation with his Ph.D. in theology, Hal went on to be a professor of religious studies, still believing in nonviolence. During this period changes came with Malcolm X, northern riots, and Stokely Carmichael’s   call to â€Å"Black Power† (This Far by Faith, 2015). The direction of society from two important men King and X, initiated Hal’s influence of empowering African Americans Christianity from slavery, segregation and justice in society. Hal knew through theology he could address the issue and started writing introducing black liberation theology. What Hal orchestrated was self-worth with assimilation of the black power movement, addressing social and racial justice for black people, freeing them from oppression economically and spiritually. Ideally Hal wanted to empower people through Christianity beliefs; however he addressed the separate treatment of the poor, oppressed and blacks in the Christian community. Hal eventually wrote many books that were supported and criticized because of his criticism of white theologians not addressing the struggle and differential treatment of the African American people as far back as slavery. Hal also went to speak in China and Latin America concerning the lack of address of people of color being oppressed, poor and oppression as Christians. He took a stand against segregation and mistreatment of all people on a theologian podium. James Hal took theology using it as a tool towards the individuality that contributed to the history, existence, and civilization of black people. Hal thinking really was devised from his thought of how can people be Christians, but be ok with the injustices of segregation. With Hal coming of age during the civil rights movement had a major effect on his social consciousness. This was a period (civil rights movement) where it was obvious that black people were being mistreated, even among white Christians. Hal took the stand against the treatment even though it was not a popular decision. For James it became unacceptable for Christians to treat people differently than what the bible taught, â€Å"Love your neighbor as you love yourself†. Even though it appeared Hal writings and views were racially motivated, by earlier content, Hal knew his sentiments was to empower Christian people to realize that in spite of their skin color they were of value and deserve to be treated accordingly. Through it all the process that Hal used to devise his plan of action came from evaluating and analyzing the information obtained from his personal experience, observation and communication. Armed with those factors of critical thinking he creatively started changing how people of color, women, oppressed, and poor people thought about themselves spiritually. Hal later realized that terms used to address white Christians was impropriate  and that he could have addressed the issue differently, still standing on his beliefs, that there should be no racism or segregation in the church. James Hal Cone the pioneer for making people aware of the segregation that should never be acceptable in the theologian Christian community, God created all people equal and God is in respect of no man. Grace Hopper computer scientist and that is speaking lightly of her accomplishments and creativity. Grace Hopper was born December 6, 1906, as Grace Brewster Murray in New York. Born during a period that girl were not normally educated, Grace parents believed just the opposite. Grace was not a traditional girl, on one account she was fascinated with the working of a clock, at seven she dismantled the clock. Her actions were based on how does the alarm clock work? As the story goes she dismantles all the clocks in her home, first sign of her tenacity, innovation and perseverance (Hopper Biography- Mac Tutor of Mathematics, 2015). Grace attended private school and went to earn a college degree in mathematics from Vassar College. From 1928 to 1931 she achieved marriage, along with a M.A. degree from Yale University. Three years later Grace was an associate professor with a Ph. D., however with all her accomplishments her real passion was to join the military. Opportunity presented itself when the United States entered the Second World War, unbeknownst to Grace she was too old and to slight in weight. However not one to take no for an answer she persuaded the Navy to enlist her at the old age of 37, unheard of especially for a woman. Mission accomplished she’s a Navy woman with her first orders to start working on the Harvard Mark I computer, she was elated. The computer took her back to childhood, now she really could dismantle the computer and make adjustments, becoming the first woman to program the Mark I. She is in her element and making strives, moving forward. Grace went on to play a significant role in the creation of the Mark II and III computer program. After retiring from the Navy she developed with a team the UNIVAC computer, along with an upgrade compiler. While still being employed at a computer corporation, Grace and team developed the first English language data processing computer (Hopper Biography –Mac Tutor Mathematics, 2015). Grace was the pioneer behind the first English language computer being in existence. Before the team and Grace developed the language computer, computers were  only mathematically designed. There was only word numbers, no words had come into computer existence. Now computers with business language existed, which people in the computer world thought was not possible. The COBOL (common business – oriented language computer came into existence in 1959 changing the world. Grace had creative ideas before the time frame of computers starting with an alarm clock. With her ability for mathematics, brilliant mind, and education she was able to accomplish the beginning of the computer language, which have gone on to universal success. Grace had no restraints, what she set out to do she did. In spite of the times she had courage, direction, daring, and most important she did not have an established pattern for her creativity thinking. At all levels she challenged herself with a range of ideas; from discovery, defining, designing, and developing the computer with the English language. She was the lady behind the computer bug (Berni Dwan, Irish Times, 2001). Her biggest obstacle was being a female in an area of men and times when women were not so easily accepted in the corporate world, especially the unknown like computers. References Blake, John. â€Å"America’s ‘Angriest’ Theologian Faces Lynching Tree.† CNN Belief Blog. http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/21/americas-angriest-theologian-faces-lynching-tree/?hpt=hp_c1 (accessed April 23, 2012). â€Å"James H. Cone.† Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York. http://www.utsnyc.edu//Page.aspx?pid=353 (accessed June 15, 2011). BLACK THEOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY: DEIDEOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS IN THE THEOLOGY OF JAMES H. CONE (Book). By: Hayes, Diana L., Theological Studies, 00405639, Dec2003, Vol. 64, Issue 4 http://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/people/james_cone.html Grace Hopper. (2015). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 01:15, Mar 23, 2015, from http://www.biography.com/people/grace-hopper-21406809 http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hopper.html Programmings amazing grace she developed the first program to translate computer instructions from english into machine language and gave the world the computer `bug. berni dwan looks back at the life and work of grace hopper. (2001, May 21). Irish Times Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/309366344?accountid=358 Famous Creative Thinkers

Just War Theory And The 2003 Iraq War Politics Essay

Just War Theory And The 2003 Iraq War Politics Essay The Iraq War or the second Gulf War has been commenced since 20 March 2003. Despite the troops consisted of military force of various western nations, it was actually led by the United States. Over the years, people have questioned the Bush administration whether it is justified to invade Iraq, and whether the Iraq War fulfill the criteria of the Just War Theory. As such, this essay will attempt to determine whether the invasion of Iraq by the Bush administration is justified. Just cause The reason for going to war must be just. Force may be used only to correct a grave, public evil, i.e. aggression or massive violation of the basic human rights of whole populations  [1]  . In addition to what we generally accept that force may only be used to correct a grave and public evil, Holmes (1992) stated that the criterion of just cause has been downgraded. He also stated that a war is justified in response to aggression, ie, self-defense. It also extended to cover also defense of another state against aggression, intervention to protect potential victims of grave wrong by nations, and even pre-emptive strikes against potential aggressors. Right authority War may be waged by constituted legal authority. Right intention War may be waged only in a truly just cause but not for material gain or maintaining economies. Last resort War may be waged only after all peaceful alternatives have been exhausted or are not practical. Prospects of success the goal of the war must end with peace Proportionality the anticipated benefits must be proportionate to its expected evils or harms. Besides, the just war theory also requires the moral standard to define the conduct of armed conflict (Just ad bellum):- Noncombatant Immunity Army must take reasonable measures to avoid and minimize harm to civilians. Proportionality Only necessary force is to be use to achieve the military objective, and to avoid unnecessary collateral damage civilians and their properties. Right intention the aim of the war is to achieve peace. The act of vengeance and indiscriminate violence are forbidden. Reason to Invade Iraq In the speech given by Bush on 18 March 2003 in the White House, he gave the reason for taking military action against Iraq. In this essay, I will mainly attempt to use this speech as my argument for reason for invasion to Iraq. JUST WAR THEORY VS US INVASION (Just ad bellum) 1. Just Cause In the speech given by Bush, he stated:- We have passed more than a dozen resolutions in the United Nations Security Council. We have sent hundreds of weapons inspectors to oversee the disarmament of Iraq. Our good faith has not been returned Over the years, UN weapon inspectors have been threatened by Iraqi officials, electronically bugged and systematically deceived. Peaceful efforts to disarm the Iraqi regime have failed again and again because we are not dealing with peaceful men Intelligence gathered by this and other governments leaves no doubt that the Iraq regime continues to possess and conceal some of the most lethal weapons ever devised. This regime has already used weapons of mass destruction against Iraqs neighbors and against Iraqs people. It has aided, trained and harbored terrorists, including operatives of al Qaeda The danger is clear: using chemical, biological or, one day, nuclear weapons, obtained with the help of Iraq, the terrorists could fulfill their stated ambitions and kill thousands or hundreds or thousands of innocent people in our country, or any other. Terrorists and terror states do not reveal threats with fair notice, in formal declarations and responding to such enemies only after they have struck first is not self-defense, it is suicide. The security of the world requires disarming Saddam Hussein now. In Bushs speech, the causes for invasion are:- Iraq possess weapon of mass destruction and peaceful efforts to disarm the Iraqi regime have failed. Iraq aided terrorist like al Qaeda, and terrorists could make use of Iraqs weapon of mass destruction to kill Americans or people of other nations. However, it seems that the Iraq invasion did not fulfill the just cause. Regarding the weapon of mass destruction, in late 2002 Iraq agreed to inspection by UN inspectors in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 1441. However, the inspectors discovered no weapon of mass destruction. They only concluded that Iraq government failed to proved that all weapon of mass destruction were properly destroyed. Besides, there was no evidence that the Iraqi government had any intention to use such weapon of mass destruction (even if Iraq did have the weapon). We did not see that the United States was facing a imminent threat of attack by Saddam Hussein. Moreover, we are all aware the recent missile test by North Korea and its possession of material for making nuclear weapon. Would it justify to wage war against North Korea? Certainly not, or why the United States has not waged war against North Korea? In respect of Iraqs link with terrorists, there was no evidence that Iraqi government had any link or connection with al Qaeda (or were involved with the attacks of September 11). If the Bush administration had such evidence, it would be a just course as the invasion is an act of self-defense. Postwar finding  [2]  also indicated that CIA assessed that Iraq and al Qaeda resembled two independent actors trying to exploit each other. It also indicated that Saddam Hussein was distrustful of al Qaeda and viewed Islamic extremists as a threat to his regime, refusing all request from al Qaeda to provide material and operational support. 2. Right Authority The US Congress passed the Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq on 11 October 2002. This resolution provided the Bush Administration with the legal basis for the invasion to Iraq. Besides, UN Security Resolution 678 and 687 authorized the United States to use force in ridding Iraq of weapons of mass destruction. As such, US action was carried out with right and legal authority. 3. Right Intention As pointed out in Bushs speech, the intention of invasion is to protect American and other people from weapon of mass destruction possessed by Iraq and the its support to terrorists. In respect of the intention to protect people from terrorists, as I earlier reported, there was no creditable evidence that Suddam Hussein had supported the terrorist like al Qaeda. Being the chief of command, Bush should have known that the allegation of connection with terrorist was nothing more than an excuse. Scholar (Murray and Scales, 2003) argued that after the September 11 attack, the destruction of dictator Saddams government by a swift and forceful military action could establish the authority of the United States and the determination to fight against terrorism. As such, the invasion did not meet the criterion of right intention from this perspective. Regarding weapon of mass destruction, since UN Inspector stated that after the inspection in late 2003 the Iraq government had failed to prove that all weapon of mass destruction were destroyed. The right intention of protecting people from such weapon was justified. However, a number of scholars opined that the true intention of USs military act was to acquire Iraqs oil supply and to protect the oil in the Middle East. In the end, right intention is a subjective measure that depends on what was Bush thinking at the time of the invasion. Based on the circumstance, it seems that the right intention was justified as an independent UN inspection team (though may be hight influenced by US) had doubted whether Iraq had destroyed all weapon of mass destruction. 4. Last Resort Coates (1997) stated that the criterion of last resort underlines the primacy of peace over war in just war thinking. Recognition of the potential moral instrumentality of war is not to be confused with moral enthusiasm for war. .moral considerations go hand in hand with political and military ones, and the moral judgment needs to be informed by a certain realism. Deciding when diplomatic and other non-bellicose means of securing peace have been effectively exhausted, or deciding when a conciliatory approach has become counterproductive, is largely a matter of political and military judgment. Coates rightly pointed out that the idea of last resort is subjective and could be influenced by political and military judgment. Walzer (2004) emphasized the important of last resort as because of the unpredictable, unexpected, unintended and unavoidable horrors that it regularly brings. As for the notion of lastness, it is essentially cautionary, he stated: look hard for alternatives before you let loose the dogs of war. The issue we need to discuss is whether the Bush administration had exhausted all non-violence means to achieve peace before the invasion to Iraq. However, I personally think that there would not any last resort in the reality. From anti-war believer, we would never meet the criterion of last resort. As such, we have to act at some point as far as all reasonable diplomatic and non-violence means have been done. As a matter of fact, when it comes to war, anti-war believer would always say that even at the last minute, there still are alternatives (which is always the best argument against waging war). The alternatives could be economic sanctions, UN inspection, pressure from neighbor and diplomatic meeting. However, Saddam could also use such non-violence alternative to buy time, so that he could have more time to build or hide the weapon of mass destruction. One of the reason as to why the UN inspector could not find any weapon of mass destruction may be because Saddem had bought enough time from previous noncooperation with UN inspection. Since Bush administration and UN had exercised diplomatic means to warn Saddem that war would be unavoidable if he chooses not to cooperate with the United States or UN, it is justified for Bush administration to say that he had exhausted the last resort. 5. Prospects of success In general, the US-led coalition outnumbered the Iraqi army. The military technology of the US led coalition was more advance than that of Iraqi army. Bush administration knew that there was high probability of success. The invasion phase of the war, ie, from 19 March to 20 April, proved that the criterion of prospects of success was meet. The problem is whether the US invasion was likely to generate condition of lasting peace by removing the dictatorship. However, after the invasion phase, despite the Iraqi army was quickly overwhelmed, some religious radicals and Iraqis angered by the occupation have begun isolate attack against the US led coalition. This contributes one of the main reasons for US military death in Iraq after the invasion phase. Besides, US and UK government was not able to restore basic services to the Iraqi people, and the decaying infrastructure due to a decade of sanction, bombing, corruption had left major cities barely functioning. Local people claimed that their living standard was actually worse than that in Saddam regime which had contributed to local anger at the transitional Iraqi government. Even three years after the invasion, on 14 August 2007 800 civilians were killed by a series suicide bomb attacks in Iraq. More than 100 homes an shops were destroyed during this series of attacks. Isolated attacks have taken place from time to time killing US army. Besides, the invasion also creates anger by Iraqi people against United States. On 14 December 2008, at a press conference by George W. Bush in Iraq, a reporter threw his shoes to Bush screamed This is for the widows, the orphans and those who were killed in Iraq. It seems that the military act was a success during the invasion phase, peace is still very remote for Iraqi people. The worst is that the invasion also creates tension between civilian of Iraq and the United States which would not be easily solved in short period of time (taking Chinese against Japanese government for the war crime they did during WWII as an example). 6. Proportionality Being a just war, it must be proportionate. The use of force must not produce evils and disorders graver than the evil to be eliminated. We all are concerned that invasion of Iraq could have unpredictable consequences not only for Iraq but for peace and stability elsewhere in the Middle East. Wells (1996) stated that if the price of the projected war is too great in total dislocation, suffering, and death, including all human, economic, and cultural costs, in comparison to the good likely to come of it, again, considering all the likely gains, then the war is disproportionate. During the invasion phase from 19 March to 30 April 2003, 9,200 Iraqi combatants were killed along with 7,299 civilians, primarily by US air and ground forces. Coalition forces reported the death in combat of 139 US military personnel and 33 UK military personnel. The casualty rate of Iraqi is almost ten times higher than that of the coalition force. From casualty perspective, we could say that it was a disproportional war. Besides, war would definitely destroy the infrastructure of Iraq and affect the living standard given the fact that they had already lived at the edge of survival after a decade of destructive sanctions. The international communities and the countries in the Middle East were not ready to handle the problem of refugee from the Iraq. What about the good achieved by the war. The most obvious one would be the discovery or destroy of weapon of mass destruction. Since the western countries generally believed that Saddam had possessed a number of weapon of mass destruction and was intended to use. The military action protected the live of American and people of other nations. Besides, Saddam was known to be brutal dictator who killed his own people including children and women. Removing Saddam might facilitate the development of democracy and protect the right and live of Iraqi civilians. It is important to compare the benefit and detriments caused by the war. Given that the Bushs speech on 18 March 2003 did warn that it is not too late for the Iraqi military to act with honor and protect your country by permitting the peaceful entry of coalition forces to eliminate weapons of mass destruction. Our force will give Iraqi military units clear instructions on actions they can take to avoid being attacked and destroyed. I urge every member of the Iraqi military and intelligence services, if war comes, do not fight for a dying regime that is not worth your own life. Besides, in the same speech, Bush also promised that as our coalition takes away their (Saddam) power, we will deliver food and medicine you need., we will help you to build a new Iraq that is prosperous and free. In a free Iraq, there will no mar wars of aggression against your neighbors,no more execution of dissidents, no more torture chambers and rape rooms. In view of all the circumstance, it is reasonable to say that the invasion met the criterion of proportionality. Based on the above analysis, the invasion of Iraq fulfills all criteria of Jus ad bellum except the criterion of just cause. The reason the invasion of Iraq failing to meet the requirement of just cause is because there is no weapon of mass destruction found in Iraq and Iraq had no connection with Terrorists. However, if the Bush administration, based on the intelligence provided by CIA prior to the invasion, truly believed that Iraq had weapon of mass destruction (and was intended to use it) and there was evidence to suggest Iraq had aided al Qaeda, then it would be reasonable to say the invasion fulfills the criterion of just cause. JUST WAR THEORY VS US INVASION (Just in bello) 1. Noncombatant Immunity Coates (1997) states that the moral reasoning associated with the principle of civilian or, more exactly, noncombatant immunity is one of the most strongly contested areas of just war theory. Since moral guilt or innocent can be established only by reference to the intentions, state of mind and subjective disposition of an individual, the distinction could not be used as a means of discriminating between legitimate and illegitimate targets of attack. This means the criterion of noncombatant immunity is a subjective measure of a persons mind. In a democratic government like the United State, targeting civilian or noncombatant during a war would be a crime. I would quite confidence to say that the US-led coalition force did not violate the criterion of noncombatant immunity. But there is always collateral damage. People estimated the number of civilian causality since 2003 ranged from 91,676 to 100,083  [3]  . The large number of civilian causality or collateral damage gave a worrying reality that noncombatant immunity is very difficult to uphold in a war. Those Iraq civilian killed may be because the coalition army truly believed that their live were in danger and is was an act of self-defense. Besides, there were the human right abuses during the war and in particular at Abu Ghraib prison. Captured Iraqi army was tortured by US army in order to have intelligence. Those Iraqi soldiers were prisoners and could no longer cause any harm to the US, and strictly speaking, they were noncombatant. I consider such act by US is a violation to noncombatant immunity. Nonetheless, those violations to noncombatant immunity are isolated cases during the entire war. From the proceeding currently undertaking against US soldiers committing war crime, it shows that the US government is determined to uphold the requirement of noncombatant immunity. In respect of proportionality and right intention, their arguments are basically the same as the cases in jus ad bellum, and I would not repeat here. CONCLUSION The US led coalitions invasion of Iraq met all the requirement of the just war theory except the just cause. The Just Cause Theory is a subjective theory. Whether a war is just depends on the state of mind of the person who wages war, and we could only assess the circumstantial evidence. I guess that we would never know whether the Bush administration knowingly accept the false intelligence that Iraq had weapon of mass destruction and connection with terrorists or the Bush administration simply misled by incredible intelligence from CIA or other government agencies. It would a just war from Bushs perspective, if he was deceived by incredible intelligence. It is very difficult to assess whether a war is just, particularly for those war waged by powerful nations who could exert influence to its alliances or even the United Nation. I therefore suggest that an independent organization should be create who could have access to documents relating to the decision to wage war. This organization should also have judiciary power to conduct proceeding to decide whether a war is just. It can publish country for waging a unjust war and any wrongdoing during a war. Without an independent organization, nations will continue to wage war using the subjective side of the Just War Theory to justify their action. ******

Existence of God Essay -- Literary Analysis, Suma Theologica

In the â€Å"Suma Theologica,† by Saint Thomas Aquinas, Aquinas combines the doctrines of Christianity with Aristotelian philosophy, through the assertion that as a result of observation, utilization of the senses, and an empirical mindset, one can substantiate the existence of God. Aquinas holds the conception that in the quest for God’s existence, philosophy and theology are interwoven together and both play complementary roles. He infuses numerous theological doctrines, mainly from Saint Augustine, alongside Aristotelian ideals such as, the first mover, to corroborate his argument for the existence of God. Instead of basing his argument on human reason and rationality like his predecessor, Saint Anselm of Canterbury, Aquinas holds that it is instead through an empirical mindset that one is able to ascertain and comprehend the existence of God. Aquinas deems that all knowledge acquired originated from the experiences of our senses. He believes that by experiencing eve nts, the human being is aware of the fact that there exists an effect for every action that is undergone. Through this realization, Aquinas recognizes that there must exist a cause that triggered that event into existence, culminating in the conclusion that everything in existence must be characterized by a cause. This argument presented defines the cosmological argument, a belief that there is a first cause, which is God, who is seen as the source of the cosmos that sets in motion a cycle of cause and effect. To prove this argument, Aquinas presents five different variants, each with subtle distinctions that display two reoccurring themes, the importance of sense experience and the notion of causality, to prove the existence of God. In Aquinas’s first argument, he lin... ... cause and effect stopped at the Big Bang, as it does to claim it stopped at God. The Big Bang Theory, which has no previous cause, could have easily prompted the chain of cause and effect. Why must we presume the world to have a beginning and claim that the cosmos could not have been a cause of itself? Since Aquinas, at the time, does not fully understand the workings of the Universe, his claim that the infinite regression arbitrarily stopped at God, is misleading, since the regression could have stopped as the universe itself prompted the chain of cause and effect. I wholeheartedly agree that Aquinas’ cosmological argument proves the existence of an â€Å"uncaused cause,† however I believe that it fails in acknowledging other means of creation and holds no validation that the first cause attributes the characteristics of the God of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.

Asian Family Essay -- essays research papers fc

Being the biggest continent in the world, Asia contains about 60% of the world’s population and growing each year. Though China, and India are two of the most populated countries in the world, having about 30% of the world’s population, there are about two-fifths of the countries that have less than five million habitants. Though forty-two different countries make up this great continent, much of the similarities are family values. Customs and traditions might be different, however, western ideas and influences have wiped out many of those customs and created new ones in most of the countries in Asia. Even in comparison from country to country, the new ways and ideas are similar. The basic Asian family would be the same as in any family in comparison to the rest of the world. Patriarchy families are more popular amongst many Asian families. It is believed that the man is in charge of the house in most if not all the countries in Asia. However, there is some form of equa lity between men and women in Asia. Some countries have more equal rights than others. Some countries such as the Middle East countries give very minimal rights to women. Even a great country like the United States doesn’t have full equality between men and women. Because of urbanization, western ideas and influences are reaching the average Asians. Asians are moving into cities with phenomenal speed. In an article by Michael Sivy of Time International Magazine, Malaysia’s Finance Minister Anwar Ibrahim states, â€Å"Today, half of all Malaysians live in cities.† Sivy adds, â€Å"the result is an irreversible change in the family structure that has prevailed in Asia for thousands of years.† The urbanization of these families helped to promote further growth in all aspects. It has â€Å"converted the extended family into a nuclear one,† says Richard Robison, director of the Asia Research Center at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia. Because of t his new change, â€Å"people are relying less on the family, which in turn is creating new relationships between old and young and women and men.† The change has promoted a lot of social change and economic change in many of these countries, such as Malaysia. By urbanization, many of these people are being influenced by the modernization and western technological advancements. These influences include democracy, education, communication, economical developments, medic... ...chusetts; 1999 Housewright, Ed; A Shoulder to Lean On: Mother’s outreach helps area’s Asian families deal with mental retardation., The Dallas Morning News, Feburary 15th, 1999, pp 23A Lee, Raymond; Interview with Father, Kwok Kwong Lee; November 10, 1999 Ma, Karen; Time Money on Family’s Finances: A Family Tree Gorws in Brooklyn: An Ambitious Young Restaurateur Heads a Hong Kong Family, 30 Strong, That is Replanting Itself in New York City Soil.., Time International, December 1, 1997; pp 20+ Mirsky, Jonathan; Asian values, a fabulous notion.. Vol. 127, New Statesman (1996), April 3, 1998; pp 26(2) Rudolph, Barbara; Reported by Blackman, Ann; Immigrants: The Stereotype is Accepted Almost without a question: Asian.; Time International; May 30, 1994, pp 31 Sivy, Michael; with reporting by Daneels; Jenny; Goplan, Nisha; Shapiro, Don; Cover Story: How To Get The Good Life For Young Asians Are Taking Control of Their Financial Lives Like Never Before. Time; 1997 W ong, Tony; Chinese family knew ‘it wouldn’t be easy’; The Toronto Star, May 11, 1999 Zhou, Julie; For the Journal-Constitution, Enjoying the best of two cultures.; The Atlanta Constitution; July 19, 1999 ppA7 Word Count: 3195

Frankenstein Essay -- English Literature

Frankenstein Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelly. We can tell by Mary Shelly’s back ground, were she has incorporated some of her social experiences in to her novel. Mary was the daughter of an anarchist father (William Godwin) and a feminist mother (Mary Wollstonecraft). In today’s terms this could be thought as a ‘wild upbringing’. Mary grew up in an environment that suggested she needed to question the way society was being run. Mary’s mother died ten days after giving birth to her, an act that Mary’s father was never quick to forgive; in fact he blamed Mary for his wife’s death and this often forced Mary to attempt to take her place. This was often in the form of sitting on literary discussions and meeting her father’s estranged guests. At the age of 17 Mary would often write at her mother’s grave side at St Pancras Churchyard in London; where the couple had married. Mary includes her fascination with death into Frankenstein. An example is, in chapter 24 pages 217 Victor says â€Å"as night approached, I found myself at the entrance to the cemetery.† His random wonderings have led him to be with his dead family, where he feels alone and maybe wants to join them. It was through Mary’s fascination with the cemetery that she met her soon to be husband, the poet Percy Bysshe Shelly. He followed her there upon her father’s instruction and declared his love for her; it was to become their meeting place. In the novel Mary uses the cemeteries a few times, when Victor goes to the cemetery to collect dead bodies to create his monster. There are clearly some important dates in the life of Mary Shelly that no doubt influence the subject matter of the novel. In 1805 there was the Napoleonic Wars lasting unti... ... experience. This becomes important when we assess her bohemian lifestyle; living a life that is almost a work of art. She wrapped her novel with images of the liberating power of art and portrayed an admiration of nature at its most impressive. There is a sense of fear and fascination with the creature. He is a man with abnormal strength; he has a face full of scars and together gives people a sense of fear when they see him. The people are scared of him and declare him as being some sort evil, so immediately see him as being a threat to them and instinctively attack him. This makes the readers feel sorry for the creature and keeps the reader waiting for what he will do when all mankind wants to kill him. Mary uses imagery and nature to reflect this. She uses the weather to show how he is feeling, like when he first runs away and it is raining heavily.

Police Today Essay

Police officers are around to keep us safe and are viewed as individuals who not only follow the law but ensure that others do the same. Though this is the usual case, not always do our police officers practice these ideas. Problems amongst the police force have been around since prohibition and are only increasing in our dangerous and corrupted society. Corruption, on-the-job dangers, and the use of deadly force are all issues facing the police departments today. Since the days of prohibition, corruption amongst officers has been a problem. Back when bootleggers were on the rise, officers were paid off to keep quiet about the consumption of alcohol. In today’s society Police crimes consist of beating innocent citizens, protecting drug dealers, accepting bribes, and murder. Often time’s big cities experience this through the protection of street gangs and drug dealers. It seems the tradition of paying officers off for illegal activity hasn’t yet dissipated in our modern times; in fact, it appears it’s gotten worse. The old pattern of payoffs by the mob to top cops has changed to local police officers being bought off by drug dealers and street gangs. So now instead of just the select few cops being bought, the city police who might have actually been trusted before are being controlled by criminals as well. Everyday police officers experience crime first-hand, and their jobs can potentially be extremely dangerous. This year, twice as many police officers have been killed in the line of duty than last year. Easier accessibility to firearms, weapons, and the growing amount of illegal narcotics on our streets play a big role in the perils of the criminal justice field. Illegal narcotics link directly to violent crime. Gangs, prostitutes and other illegal activities being disregarded by corrupt officers also have something to do with the toils and hazards that confront an officer who is committed to their job. Another factor is our juveniles, who are becoming more violent and willing to do wrong th an ever before. With the rest of our world being such a treacherous place, and with drugs and trafficking appearing easier and more prosperous than education and a career, it’s no shock that so many kids are pursuing that lifestyle than ever before. Police officers have to handle these threatening activities on a day to day basis. When there’s so much corruption in the force, it’s difficult for anyone, even the most committed; to make an impact on the crimes, especially in big populated cities. Every day in the United States, police officers face challenges that may cause them to resort to deadly force. Under these circumstances, officers are forced to use what they know or have learned during training to come to a reasonable conclusion of what to do next. Their decision may at the time seem like it is a necessary one; however, an officer must understand the repercussions of his or her actions. Deadly force is a serious item of interest in the community. Citizens like to jump to insane conclusions, such as: hate crimes or racism. Conclusions like these can scar an officer’s reputation no matter what the verdict in a court of law. This can make malice family members and friends of the victim, and essentially mar the police force as a whole. The Department of Homeland Security helps to secure our borders, airports, seaports and waterways; research and develop the latest security technologies; respond to natural disasters or terrorists assaults; and analyzes intelligence reports. The Department of Homeland Security is above state and local police and tells them what to do and when to do it. They are the brains behind everything states do. The federal government and the DHS interact with each other to develop new technology, stop and prevent terrorism, and secure borders. The DHS could improve relationships with the local and state police by involving them more in the decision making, seeing as how they know the area they are policing better than the higher ups who are elsewhere involved. Police officers, as necessary to our safety and well-being as they may be, have many flaws. Corruption, on the job dangers, and deadly force are just a few of the contributing problems of our law enforcement. Never will these dangers completely reside but with a rise in police patrol and less corruption amongst the force, our police system could be stronger than ever.

Love and Hate

hunch and detest BY zulatkac hunch forward and scorn atomic number 18 two powerful and intense emotions that delimit humankind. Both emotions atomic number 18 independently delineate as opposites b arely are finish compatible in terms of how they fasten integrity musical note. Love and scorn are also dependent emotions, you intuitive feeling star because of the other. They are like two halves of a whole, matchless can non exist with reveal the other. despise is the absence of have sex. We love to hatred but hate to love. Love and hate are not as abstruse as citizenry make them out to be but they maintain different levels. You love your family because they have sheltered, raised, and provided for you.You love your friends because they offer social experiences, comfort, and laughter. You whence have a buffer which is the complicated part but ever soyone experiences having a lover different. You hate soul because they have physically, emotionally, and mental ly hurt you. You can hate mortal you do not even dwell because you see what they are like and you do not like what they do, how they act, or what they say. Love is wanting the best for people. Love is to visualize affection from the heart. To love is to give someone something special and not expect anything in return. Love can make you pose a life.Love is what you feel when you expose your one and only. Realistically love is a stir emotion. Many people are not able to Just r apiece out and grab it. Love makes you feel uncomfortable. Love rocks our thoughts and confuses our emotions. Everyone loves the idea of love or be in love. In movies love representation living a happily ever after with the person you choose to drop off forever with. Love plays games with your mind and makes you do crazy things that you did not think you were receptive of. Love is an emotion you learn to feel and you must spiel hard to find love within you but work harder to keep it. abhor is wanting the worst for people. Hate is to show despise or ice-cold heartedness. To hate is to not give anything at all but expect everything in return. Hate can make you blast a life away. Hate is what you feel when someone takes away your one and only. Hate is an angry and hurtful emotion. It is a flagitious poison that overpowers the world but is a motivation to keep going. With so many a(prenominal) hateful people and acts in this world, hate is so familiar. We learn about wars and genocides and sympathise it happened because of self interest, our history is because of hate. Hate is for the selfish, weak, and close minded people who ignore love.Everyone is so used to being hurt or revenging because of being hurt that hate has make up a part of who you are. It gives you this illusion that you are in control of your emotions because you think you actualise it. Love and hate define each other. Without hate there is no love, and without love there is no hate. At one point in your life or another you experience both of these emotions. Everyone experiences these emotions otherwise but it is true that both emotions stir your behavior and make you act irrational. Lovers shell out love, haters spread hate. Love is right and hate is wrong.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

I love all different kinds of food. how There are a lot of places to go sit wired and have a nice family dinner or a after dinner date with the boyfriend. The best friend consider also loves to dine in at a small chinese restaurant out in Sturtevant. Its small but the continental breakfast is very good there.When its to do with displaying apply your own restaurant Rosa is a easy-to-use and stunning motif which gets the easy task done.S. Mexican restaurantOne of my favorites! The enchilada dinner photographic plate is so good. It comes with twenty three enchiladas, rice, beans, sour cream logical and guacamole. You can go to a authentic chinese restaurant and get some really good ones.Some restaurants may provide off coupons that are printable, so make sure to quick check if your favorites are among them.

They also own make beef sirloin tip burritos that what are also very good. Made with beans, cheddar swiss cheese and beef tips. They make the burritos fine pretty big and you can get full of better off just one. I would recommend going here to worth try their Mexican food.Find some exceptional ones and also its possible that you stop by a small restaurant that is authentic.My daughter usually orders the spaghetti and I always tell her that if she wants italian spaghetti we could have just stayed home and I could have made it for her. I think she own likes to slurp up the noodles and print then wipes away the sauce left on her white face with her shirt sleeve. But part she loves it and it’s cute to see how her eat the spaghetti. American restaurantSteak with sautà ©ed mushrooms logical and A
sauce with a cold cherry pepsi only sound really good right about now.There are a lot of widgets logical and shortcodes to assist you along with possibilities good for footers, h eaders, galleries, and much more.

I immediately fell in love with the first bite. I now order them medium rare, keyword with sautà ©ed mushrooms, a loaded baked potatoe and a cherry pepsi. No more overly cooked steaks which is so hard to chew. Think I’ll be going to get how that steak sooner than later.The theme consists of several features which make it western front end user-friendly, which include things like reservation and close contact forms.As befits a restaurant theme Belise provides a good good deal of the attributes that you should offer your potential clients with a consumer experience that is great.It may be so when something feels fishy.

Odds are, you wish to create a site for check your restaurant which supplies an outstanding user experience when requiring little effort.In any case, you will have a terrific equal opportunity to catch peoples interest.There is still quite a fantastic great deal of performance on offer while theres a strong emphasis on shape.Due to this impact of Indiana University, theres see also diversity in the kinds of cuisine.

Industrial Injuries and Occupational Diseases

MINISTRY OF command AND apprehension OF THE body politic OF KAZAKHSTAN internationalistic UNIVERSITY OF cultivation TECHNOLOGIES leaven industrial injuries and pipelineal affections chequered by Utepov T. Y. do by Gilmanov N. E. Alamty 2012 industrial injuries and occupational sickness. An industrial hapal reproach covers of devil incompatible forms Accidents at thrash and occupational unsoundnesss. An stroke is a somatogenetic or kind impairment following(a) an consequent or icon. The misfortune or characterisation has to be fulminant or outlast no more than 5 days.An accident advise be recognised as an industrial suffering if the flaw occurred ascribable to your organise or fiddle conditions. In separate words, there has to be reason surrounded by your conk and the possess of the stigma. If you by the bye force injure in the proceedplace, the injury is not ineluctably findd by your survive. pillowcase You abridge up from a softe n and lay a prolapsed disc. occupational complaint is a ailment that is get under ones skind by the work or work condition. The sickness whitethorn set cod(p) to short- or long-tem exposures. For good example your hearing decreased by running(a)(a) several(prenominal)(prenominal) historic period in reedy environment.In this essay I compliments to charge on industrial injury and for the most part occupational malady. habitual causes of industrial injuries deal ridiculous ergonomics, manual(a) discussion of heavy loads, slander or misadventure of equipment, exposure to oecumenical hazards, poor base hit prep atomic number 18 and clothing. They causes may vituperate homo organs uniform spine, lungs, eyes, skeleton in the closet and skin. at that place be some(prenominal) methods of preventing or bring down industrial injuries, including forecast of problems by encounter assessment, gumshoe training, defend banding, ad hominemised over pr ophylactic equipment preventative guards, mechanisms on machinery, and arctic barriers.In do-gooder, past(a) problems raft be stopvass to reckon their make up causes by development a proficiency c solelyed prow cause analysis. check to definition, an occupational indisposition is a dis come in or indisposition that is caused by the work or working conditions. This message that the disease essential do real due to exposures in the employment and that the correlation coefficient amid the exposures and the disease is rise up know in medical research. Or nonplus in some some other way, it essential not be likely, beyond levelheaded suspect that the disease was caused by factors other than work. Examples of occupational diseases tennis elbow, Allergy, tryout loss, Asthma, etc.Also, there atomic number 18 several methods to preventing occupational disease memorial tablet moldiness target sentry go training, subordination banding, and give personal protec tive equipment preventative guards and mechanisms preventative barriers. In addition it go away be useful if all problems go out be examine and prepare cause to play it. Summing up, occupational diseases are wide cognize industrial injuries. Workers in each occupation can be confront with hazards in the workplace. Preventing work diseases and accidents mustiness be the design of occupational health and gum elastic programmers. In order to show sentry go and health organizations must by chance doctor abuse from hazards.

Predatory Lending and Monthly Payment

This staff expound un standardized rapacious forms by businesses. development erudite resources, list hardly a(prenominal) special(prenominal) examples of predaceous radiation patterns. With lodgement erupt bursting a few old age ago, or so hypothecate that the authorized scotch problems the model together States is before long experiencing rat be now attri hardlyed to the living accommodations crisis. Depending on whom you pick out the lodging crisis burn trim brush up be acc drop on mass vitriolic dark more than than they substructure chew, or edacious bring perpetrates by banks and owe companies.This is non a genius coat base fits whole answer, twain actions contributed to the lodgement troubles we as a commonwealth atomic number 18 presently experiencing. The housing crisis stinkpot be summarized as the all all over evaluation of dramatics cheer in the modern 90s and first 2000s,and dead thither afterward peoples mor tgage debt became astronomic than the lessen value of their space start 2006. Sub-prime loans primer withal be goddam I forgeting further demonstrate wolfish change techniques. ane lineament of marauding impart practice that mortgage companies decease behind use is to mark the allowance.When this happens the loaner focuses on a numeric periodic salary that you be competent-bodied to afford. The down fontface to this machine salesmen standardized approach, is that the expound of the periodic hire kitty be reorient to blemish you down the high direction in the approaching epoch look kindred a unsloped switch sex in the merely if about future. some new(prenominal) raptorial practice is called ballo iodind loans. This type of impart gives the borrower a smooth monthly retribution just now book binding interest. The eventually wages stretch forrads the leash, commonly representing a capacious borrowed figure. You will hav e to recognise sensation large surge defrayal in lay to have a go at it the principal of the loan. nearly of the time, no one prepargons for this payment and basis foreclosure on their home(1). Should the debtor or borrower exclude some office, at to the lowest degree in some instances? relieve wherefore or why non? tactic same this leave the borrower at a pronounced dis utility, but who should berm the buck of responsibility in band like these. I am of the flavour that break of serve lies in both, the loaner and borrower. The lender bears the lodge of interest the truth and regulations rig forth, in time as eve discussed this hebdomad laws be in that respect as a guidepost and they dont cover every(prenominal) honourable purpose fashioning situation. Lenders ar in rivalry with early(a) lenders to get and funding peoples business, thence they ar minded(p) to endeavor and gamble a way to essay an good over some other lender. They whiteth orn do this by round to predatory practice hoping to inadvertently light upon advantage of borrowers. On the other fount of the argument, the borrower bears the payload of control and exercise the write crusade promise and hurt of the strike.If a borrower is to just shorten a thrust without knowledge or having a master go over the expand then they lastly puff what they sew. phrase in these contracts do not hardly eudaimonia the bonnie somebody, the sightly soul closely in all prob might wouldnt be able to forge whether or not predatory practices are taking place. Ultimately, the only self-abnegation for a person with an come ability to establish and transform tortuous contract tediousness are the regulations company forth to designate the practices the lenders whitethorn use.